Nokea
Causes of a loin mass and haematuria:
- A. Wilm's tumour
- B. Polycystic kidney disease
- C. Pyonephrosis
- D. Renal vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wilm's tumour is a common cause of a loin mass and haematuria in children. Polycystic kidney disease and pyonephrosis can also present similarly.
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Recognised features in Marfan's syndrome include:
- A. Mutation in fibrillin gene
- B. Mitral valve prolapse
- C. Cognitive impairment
- D. Myopia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse
Recognised diagnoses of tender scrotal swelling in infancy include:
- A. Inguinal hernia
- B. Epididymo-orchitis
- C. Breech delivery
- D. Torsion of testis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Torsion of the testis is a medical emergency and a common cause of tender scrotal swelling in infancy. Inguinal hernia and epididymo-orchitis are also possible but less urgent. Breech delivery is unrelated.
Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?
- A. Pulmonic stenosis
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. Transposition of the great arteries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Atrial septal defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow. Blood flows from the left atrium (higher pressure) into the right atrium (lower pressure) and then to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Pulmonic stenosis is an obstruction to blood flowing from the ventricles. Tricuspid atresia results in decreased pulmonary blood flow. Transposition of the great arteries results in mixed blood flow.
An 18-months old infant weighing 10 kg develops an acute anaphylactic reaction with bronchospasm towards antibiotic injection. What is the most appropriate initial treatment?
- A. Inj. Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV stat
- B. Inj. Epinephrine 0.1 mg IV / IM stat
- C. Inj. Epinephrine 0.01 mg IV/IM stat
- D. Nebulization Salbutamol + oxygen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate initial treatment for anaphylaxis in a child is intramuscular epinephrine at a dose of 0.01 mg/kg, which is 0.1 mg for a 10 kg child.
Recurrent Neisserial meningitis in children is suggestive of deficiency of ----- complement.
- A. C3
- B. C4
- C. C8
- D. All
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Recurrent Neisserial meningitis is suggestive of a deficiency in the terminal complement components, particularly C8, which is crucial for bacterial lysis.