Nokea
Causes of per vaginal bleeding include
- A. Cervical cancer
- B. Endometrial cancer
- C. Leiomyoma
- D. Endometrial carcinoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cervical cancer. Cervical cancer can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding due to the presence of cancerous cells in the cervix. This can lead to spotting or bleeding between periods. Endometrial cancer (choice B) and endometrial carcinoma (choice D) specifically involve the endometrium, not the cervix. Leiomyoma (choice C) refers to uterine fibroids, which can cause heavy menstrual bleeding but are not typically associated with vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it directly relates to per vaginal bleeding, while the other choices are not directly linked to this symptom.
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One treatment for erectile dysfunction requires the injection of a substance into the corpora cavernosa of the penis. The injection of which of the following causes an erection?
- A. Norepinephrine
- B. A substance that inhibits formation of nitric oxide
- C. Alprostadil
- D. Angiotensin II
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alprostadil is the correct answer because it is a prostaglandin E1 analog that dilates blood vessels in the corpora cavernosa, promoting blood flow and causing an erection. Norepinephrine (choice A) constricts blood vessels and inhibits erection. A substance that inhibits nitric oxide formation (choice B) is counterproductive as nitric oxide is essential for vasodilation. Angiotensin II (choice D) constricts blood vessels and does not promote erection. Therefore, C is the correct choice for inducing an erection through vasodilation in the corpora cavernosa.
A client who is scheduled for an endometrial biopsy expresses concerns about the procedure as she is apprehensive of 'being operated' on. How can the nurse relieve her anxiety?
- A. The nurse should inform her that this test will not require her to be under anesthetic influence for a long period.
- B. The nurse should inform her that this test will be performed under general anesthesia and she will be pain free.
- C. The nurse should inform her that this test will be performed under the care of expert physicians and nurses.
- D. The nurse should inform her that this procedure may be performed without anesthesia in the physician's office.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endometrial biopsies are typically minimally invasive and often do not require anesthesia.
The tiny ball of 16 cells found freely
- A. testosterone floating in the uterine cavity is called a
- B. interstitial cell-stimulating ________.
- C. blastocyst
- D. luteinizing hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: blastocyst. At this stage of development, the embryo is a hollow ball of cells with an inner cell mass. This structure is called a blastocyst. A is incorrect because testosterone is a hormone, not a cell structure. B is incorrect as it does not describe the early stage of embryonic development. D is incorrect as luteinizing hormone is a hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, not embryonic development.
Women infected with human papilloma virus (HPV) are at risk for which of the following?
- A. Uterine fibroids
- B. Cervical cancer
- C. Ovarian cysts
- D. Hemorrhagic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HPV infection is a significant risk factor for developing cervical cancer.
The ovary connects by ligaments to:
- A. the uterus;
- B. the Fallopian tubes;
- C. the rectum;
- D. the pelvic walls;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: the uterus. The ovary connects to the uterus via ligaments called ovarian ligaments. This connection is essential for the transfer of eggs from the ovary to the uterus during the menstrual cycle and for providing support to the ovary. The other choices are incorrect as the ovary does not directly connect to the Fallopian tubes (B), rectum (C), or pelvic walls (D) via ligaments. The connection to the uterus is crucial for reproductive functions and maintaining the structural integrity of the female reproductive system.