Nokea
Cells reproduce by different processes, all of which fall into what two categories?
- A. Sexual reproduction and binary fission
- B. Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
- C. Asexual reproduction and binary fission
- D. Asexual reproduction and mitosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cells can reproduce through sexual reproduction, involving the fusion of gametes, and asexual reproduction, which does not involve the fusion of gametes. Binary fission is a specific type of asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it encompasses the broad categories of cellular reproduction processes, covering both sexual and asexual reproduction.
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What enzyme is used to catalyze the elongation of the DNA strand during replication?
- A. DNA polymerase
- B. Primase
- C. DNA Ligase
- D. Helicase.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: DNA polymerase
Rationale:
1. DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication.
2. It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between incoming nucleotides.
3. DNA polymerase also possesses proofreading abilities to ensure accuracy.
4. Primase is responsible for synthesizing RNA primers, not elongating the DNA strand.
5. DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments and seals nicks in the DNA backbone.
6. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix during replication, not involved in elongation.
Which statement accurately describes the head of a phospholipid?
- A. It is hydrophilic.
- B. It is hydrophobic.
- C. It is located on the outer side of the layer.
- D. Both A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The head of a phospholipid is hydrophilic, meaning it is attracted to water. This property allows the head to interact with water molecules. Additionally, the head is positioned on the outer side of the lipid bilayer in cell membranes, facing the watery environments inside and outside the cell. As a result, the correct answer is 'Both A and C,' as the head of a phospholipid is both hydrophilic and located on the outer side of the layer.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of what necessary molecule?
- A. Carbon Dioxide
- B. Water
- C. Glucose
- D. Oxygen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration as it acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, producing ATP
What is the function of water in photosynthesis?
- A. Combining with carbon dioxide
- B. Absorbing light energy
- C. Supplying electrons in the light reactions
- D. Transporting hydrogen ions in the dark reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Water is crucial in photosynthesis as it provides electrons during the light reactions. When water molecules are split in the light-dependent reactions, oxygen is released, and electrons are transferred to photosystem II to initiate the electron transport chain. This process is vital for the production of ATP and NADPH, which are necessary for the Calvin cycle to synthesize sugars.
Which macromolecule is an example of a nucleic acid?
- A. Glucose.
- B. DNA.
- C. Albumin.
- D. HCl.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - DNA
Rationale:
1. Nucleic acids are macromolecules that store genetic information.
2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a type of nucleic acid that carries genetic instructions.
3. Glucose (A) is a carbohydrate, not a nucleic acid.
4. Albumin (C) is a protein, not a nucleic acid.
5. HCl (D) is a compound, not a nucleic acid.
Summary:
The correct answer is B because DNA is a nucleic acid that specifically functions to store genetic information, unlike the other choices which are not nucleic acids.