Nokea
Which method of glucose conversion generates the most usable and efficient form of ATP within the human body?
- A. Lactic acidosis.
- B. Fermentation conversion.
- C. Anaerobic respiration.
- D. Aerobic respiration.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
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Lipids are better known as fats, but what are they specifically? (Select one that doesn't apply.)
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Phospholipids
- C. Ketones
- D. Steroids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that include fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids. Ketones, while important in metabolism, are not typically classified under lipids. Ketones are produced during the breakdown of fatty acids or amino acids, but they are not themselves lipids. Therefore, option C, Ketones, is the correct answer as it does not specifically fall under the category of lipids.
Which of the following cell types lacks a nucleus?
- A. platelet
- B. red blood cell
- C. white blood cell
- D. phagocyte
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is red blood cell (choice B). Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, lack a nucleus at maturity in humans. The absence of a nucleus allows these cells to carry oxygen more efficiently by maximizing space for hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein. Platelets (choice A), white blood cells (choice C), and phagocytes (choice D) all have nuclei. Platelets are involved in blood clotting, white blood cells are part of the immune system, and phagocytes specialize in engulfing and digesting cellular debris and pathogens.
How are lipids different from other organic molecules?
- A. They are indivisible.
- B. They are not water-soluble.
- C. They contain zinc.
- D. They form long proteins.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lipids are different from other organic molecules because they are not water-soluble, unlike carbohydrates and proteins. This property is due to their hydrophobic nature, which makes them insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Lipids play essential roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane structure, making them distinct from other organic molecules. The statement 'They are indivisible' (Choice A) is not accurate as lipids can be broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Choice C, 'They contain zinc,' is incorrect as lipids do not necessarily contain zinc. Choice D, 'They form long proteins,' is inaccurate as lipids do not form proteins; proteins are formed from amino acids.
Which combination of cell cycle phase and descriptor is correct?
- A. S phase - the cell synthesizes DNA and doubles its cytoplasm
- B. G� phase - the amount of chromosomes is doubled
- C. GÄ‚‚ phase - the phase prior to the start of mitosis in which the cell continues to grow in size and make proteins
- D. Interphase - the cell increases in mass and number of organelles to prepare for cell division
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The GÄ‚‚ phase is the phase before mitosis within interphase where the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins needed for cell division. Option A incorrectly describes the S phase, which is primarily for DNA synthesis. Option B is incorrect as the doubling of chromosomes does not occur in GÄ‚� phase. Option D is inaccurate because interphase encompasses GÄ‚�, S, and GÄ‚‚ phases, during which the cell prepares for division by increasing its mass and organelles, rather than specifically focusing on mitosis preparation.
What organisms cannot produce energy without oxygen?
- A. Obligate anaerobes.
- B. Strict aerobes.
- C. Facultative aerobes.
- D. Facultative anaerobes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Strict aerobes
Rationale:
1. Strict aerobes require oxygen for energy production through aerobic respiration.
2. Without oxygen, strict aerobes cannot generate energy efficiently.
3. Obligate anaerobes (A) do not require oxygen and can produce energy through anaerobic respiration.
4. Facultative aerobes (C) can switch between aerobic and anaerobic respiration based on oxygen availability.
5. Facultative anaerobes (D) can generate energy through both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, depending on the environment.
Summary:
Strict aerobes are organisms that solely rely on oxygen for energy production. Other choices (A, C, D) can adapt their energy production methods based on oxygen availability.