Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers

Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers Related

Review Human Growth and Development Final Exam Answers related questions and content

Central to Piaget's theory is the concept of __________.

  • A. imitation
  • B. adaptation
  • C. self-efficacy
  • D. scaffolding
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Central to Piaget's theory is the concept of adaptation, which refers to the process by which individuals adjust to new information and experiences by modifying their existing cognitive structures. Piaget believed that this process of adaptation involved two key components: assimilation, where individuals incorporate new information into their existing schemas, and accommodation, where individuals adjust their schemas to fit new information. This concept highlights the dynamic nature of cognitive development and the importance of interaction between individuals and their environment in shaping intellectual growth.

Choice A, 'imitation,' is incorrect as Piaget's theory focuses on how individuals actively construct their understanding of the world through their interactions with it, rather than simply imitating others. Choice C, 'self-efficacy,' is not the central concept in Piaget's theory; self-efficacy is a concept from Bandura's social cognitive theory. Choice D, 'scaffolding,' is associated with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, not Piaget's theory.

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During the second month of pregnancy, __________.

  • A. the umbilical cord first appears as a primitive body stalk
  • B. touch sensitivity extends to most of the body
  • C. the heart develops separate chambers
  • D. the heartbeat can be heard through a stethoscope
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During the second month of pregnancy, the heart of the developing fetus begins to develop separate chambers, forming the structure necessary for a fully functioning heart. This is a significant milestone in the prenatal development process. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the appearance of the umbilical cord as a primitive body stalk typically occurs around week 5-6, touch sensitivity extending to most of the body is more characteristic of the end of the second trimester, and the heartbeat is usually detectable through a stethoscope around the 18th to 20th week of pregnancy, not during the second month.

What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

  • A. Delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
  • B. Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant
  • C. Delivers nutrients and removes waste products
  • D. Produces blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.' Amniotic fluid helps maintain a stable and warm environment for the developing organism, assisting in regulating the temperature. This fluid also acts as a cushion, protecting the fetus from physical harm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while amniotic fluid provides protection and support to the developing organism, it does not directly deliver food, oxygen, nutrients, or remove waste products, nor does it produce blood cells as the organs eventually take over this function.

What did Ivan Pavlov discover?

  • A. observational learning
  • B. classical conditioning
  • C. the ego's positive contributions to development
  • D. the clinical method
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning. This is a form of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. Pavlov's famous experiment with dogs, where he conditioned them to salivate at the sound of a bell, demonstrated this principle. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Pavlov's work primarily focused on classical conditioning, not observational learning, ego contributions to development, or the clinical method.

Dr. Redmund characterizes his view of development as a bioecological model. His perspective is aligned with that of which theorist?

  • A. Jean Piaget
  • B. Urie Bronfenbrenner
  • C. Lev Vygotsky
  • D. Niko Tinbergen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dr. Redmund's view of development aligns with the bioecological model, which is associated with Urie Bronfenbrenner. This model emphasizes the interaction between an individual's biological characteristics and environmental influences in development. Jean Piaget's theory focuses on cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky's theory emphasizes social interactions, and Niko Tinbergen is known for his work in animal behavior and instinct, not human development. Therefore, the correct answer is Urie Bronfenbrenner (Choice B).

Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that __________.

  • A. change in response to influential experiences is possible
  • B. heredity, rather than the environment, influences behavior
  • C. individuals who are high in anxiety as children will remain so at later ages
  • D. early experiences establish a lifelong pattern of behavior
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that change in response to influential experiences is possible. They argue that individuals have the capacity to adapt and change their behavior based on their experiences, rather than being limited by genetic predispositions or early childhood experiences. This perspective highlights the importance of environmental influences in shaping behavior and development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the concept of plasticity, which emphasizes the flexibility and adaptability of individuals in response to their experiences, rather than being fixed by heredity, childhood traits, or early experiences.

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