Nokea
Changes that occur in CVS and Respiratory system at birth
- A. Increase in pulmonary Vascular resistance
- B. Increase in Oxygen concentration in Aorta
- C. Increase in the right Ventricular Pressure
- D. Reversal of flow through the ductus arteriosus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At birth, oxygen concentration increases in the aorta as lungs begin functioning.
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In homo cystinuria:
- A. Homocysteine accumulates just proximal to the enzyme defect
- B. Osteoporosis is a recognised feature
- C. Oral contraceptive pills with oestrogens are contraindicated
- D. Dislocation of lens is a feature
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dislocation of the lens is a well-documented feature of homocystinuria due to the accumulation of homocysteine, which affects connective tissue.
Closure of ductus will worsen following conditions
- A. Coarctation of Aorta
- B. TGA without VSD
- C. Pulmonary Atresia
- D. Hypoplastic left heart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Closure of the ductus arteriosus worsens pulmonary atresia by cutting off pulmonary blood flow.
Klinefelter's syndrome:
- A. Has a karyotype XXV
- B. Is the result of meiotic non-dysjunction
- C. Shows delay in bone age/maturation
- D. Is a recognised cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Klinefelter's syndrome is caused by meiotic non-dysjunction, resulting in an extra X chromosome (karyotype XXY). It is not inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, and it is not a cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
A child of 36 months would be expected to:
- A. Build a tower of 5 cubes
- B. Repeat back 5 digits
- C. Draw a man with a head and body
- D. Demonstrate symbolic play
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At 36 months, a child is expected to demonstrate symbolic play. Building a tower of 5 cubes and drawing a man with a head and body are also typical milestones.
The nurse reviews the laboratory results for a child with a suspected diagnosis of rheumatic fever. The nurse knows that which laboratory study would assist in confirming the diagnosis?
- A. Immunoglobulin
- B. Red blood cell count
- C. White blood cell count
- D. Anti-streptolysin O titer
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Anti-streptolysin O titer is used to confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever as it indicates a recent streptococcal infection, which is a precursor to rheumatic fever.