Nokea
Characteristics of vitamin D and its metabolites include which of the following?
- A. Act to decrease serum levels of calcium
- B. Activation of vitamin D receptors in the major cells of
- C. Calcitriol is the major derivative responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of phosphate
- D. Metabolites of vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving moderate sedation with Diazepam IV. The client is oversedated. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering to this client?
- A. Ketamine
- B. Naltrexone
- C. Flumazenil
- D. Fluvoxamine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine oversedation, like diazepam.
Which statement accurately describes a drug agonist?
- A. A drug that reacts with specific receptor sites on a cell and prevents the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site on that cell
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalysts for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with certain receptor sites, preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.
A patient receiving gentamicin should be monitored for which potential adverse effect?
- A. Nephrotoxicity
- B. Hepatotoxicity
- C. Ototoxicity
- D. Both A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, commonly causes nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity , requiring monitoring of renal function and hearing.
The nurse is teaching a patient who has completed detoxification for alcohol abuse who will be discharged home with a prescription for disulfiram (Antabuse). Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A. Even topical products containing alcohol can have serious adverse effects while I am taking this drug
- B. If I experience drowsiness or skin rash, I should discontinue this drug immediately
- C. It is safe to take a product containing alcohol one week after the last dose of disulfiram
- D. This drug acts by blocking the pleasurable effects of alcohol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Disulfiram reacts with any alcohol, even topical; effects linger 2 weeks , and it causes aversion, not blocking pleasure . Disulfiram causes an unpleasant and potentially fatal reaction if alcohol is consumed while taking it and can even occur with topical products containing alcohol.
A nurse is caring for a group of clients who are not protected against Varicella. The nurse should prepare to administer the Varicella vaccine at this time to which of the following clients?
- A. 24-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy
- B. 12-year-old child who has a severe allergy to neomycin
- C. 2-month-old infant who has no health problems
- D. 32-year-old man who has essential hypertension
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Varicella vaccine is safe for the 32-year-old ; it's contraindicated in pregnancy, neomycin allergy, and infants under 1 year.