Nokea
Checking for the return of the gag reflex and monitoring for LUQ pain, nausea and vomiting are necessary nursing actions after which diagnostic procedure?
- A. ERCP
- B. Barium swallow
- C. Colonoscopy
- D. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After EGD the gag reflex should return and the nurse should monitor for complications like LUQ pain nausea or vomiting.
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Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of proteins?
- A. amylase
- B. lipase
- C. pepsin
- D. maltase
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps break down proteins into peptides. It works in a highly acidic environment, denaturing proteins. Amylase (A) breaks down carbohydrates, lipase (B) breaks down fats, and maltase (D) breaks down maltose into glucose. Pepsin is specifically designed to target proteins, making it the correct choice.
The home health nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis who is taking rifampin and isoniazid (INH). The nurse should carefully monitor the patient for which potential side effect?
- A. Gallstones
- B. Liver disorders
- C. Bleeding ulcers
- D. Esophagitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Liver disorders. Rifampin and isoniazid are known to cause hepatotoxicity as a potential side effect. The combination of these two medications can lead to liver damage, making it crucial for the nurse to monitor liver function tests regularly. Gallstones (A), bleeding ulcers (C), and esophagitis (D) are not typically associated with rifampin and isoniazid therapy. Monitoring for liver disorders is essential due to the risk of hepatotoxicity with these medications.
A physician just told a patient that she has a volvulus. When the patient asks the nurse what this is, what is the best description for the nurse to give her?
- A. Bowel folding on itself
- B. Twisting of bowel on itself
- C. Emboli of arterial supply to the bowel
- D. Protrusion of bowel in weak or abnormal opening
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A volvulus is the twisting of the bowel, which can cause obstruction and is a medical emergency.
Which of the following tubes is surgically inserted into the abdomen but goes to the small intestine?
- A. Orogastric tube
- B. Nasogastric tube
- C. Jejunostomy tube
- D. Gastrostomy tube
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A jejunostomy tube is placed directly into the small intestine for enteral feeding in clients who cannot tolerate gastric feedings.
A patient with an obstruction of the common bile duct has clay-colored fatty stools, among other manifestations. What is the pathophysiologic change that causes this clinical manifestation?
- A. Soluble bilirubin in the blood excreted into the urine
- B. Absence of bile salts in the intestine and duodenum, preventing fat emulsion and digestion
- C. Contraction of the inflamed gallbladder and obstructed ducts, stimulated by cholecystokinin when fats enter the duodenum
- D. Obstruction of the common duct prevents bile drainage into the duodenum, resulting in congestion of bile in the liver and subsequent absorption into the blood
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The absence of bile salts in the intestine due to obstruction prevents fat emulsification and digestion, leading to fatty stools (steatorrhea).