Nokea
Chest pain in pediatric patients often generates a significant amount of parental concern. Of the following, the MOST common cause is
- A. myocarditis
- B. pericarditis
- C. pneumonia
- D. pleurisy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chest pain in children is most commonly caused by non-cardiac conditions such as pneumonia or pleurisy.
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Growth hormone secretion is raised by:
- A. Sleep
- B. Stress
- C. IGF-1
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sleep
Which of the following is an example of ductus dependent systemic circulation?
- A. Severe Ebstein's anomaly
- B. Pulmonary atresia
- C. Tricuspid atresia
- D. Interruption of aortic arch
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interruption of aortic arch is ductus dependent as it relies on the ductus arteriosus for systemic blood flow.
The following are true of umbilical hernia:
- A. It is more common in Caucasian than Blacks
- B. It is commonly associated with hypothyroidism
- C. It must be operated on by two years of age
- D. It becomes obstructed in 2% of cases
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Umbilical hernias can become obstructed in about 2% of cases. They are more common in Blacks and are not typically associated with hypothyroidism.
Through what does the infant born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome acquire oxygenated blood?
- A. The patent ductus arteriosus
- B. A ventricular septal defect
- C. The closure of the foramen ovale
- D. An atrial septal defect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the right side of the heart must take over pumping blood to both the lungs and systemic circulation, the ductus arteriosus must remain open to shunt the oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a pediatric surgical emergency because
- A. therapy is usually not effective
- B. severe pulmonary congestion
- C. left atrium may be small
- D. left ventricle may be small
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obstructed TAPVR requires immediate surgical intervention due to severe pulmonary congestion.