Nokea
Children born with Down syndrome often have other anomalies. They especially require evaluation of what body system?
- A. Orthopedic
- B. Gastrointestinal
- C. Cardiac
- D. Endocrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with Down syndrome often have congenital heart defects.
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Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Decision-making capacity can be determined only by a psychiatrist.
- B. A diagnosis of dementia precludes competent decision making.
- C. Lack of decision-making capacity should not be presumed if the patient goes against medical advice.
- D. Expression of a choice is sufficient to indicate decision-making capacity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A patient's decision-making capacity cannot be assumed to be absent solely based on their refusal of medical advice.
An 80-year-old man is being evaluated for recent episodes of incontinence and confusion. His family states that he is usually independent with no altered mental issues but has become forgetful within the last 2 weeks. Which medication is most likely associated with these symptoms?
- A. Cimetidine (Tagamet)
- B. Warfarin (Coumadin)
- C. Ramipril (Altace)
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cimetidine can cause confusion and altered mental status in the elderly.
A patient who has a sulfa allergy can safely take:
- A. Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
- B. Celecoxib (Celebrex)
- C. Glimepiride (Amaryl)
- D. Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sumatriptan does not contain sulfa and is safe for those with a sulfa allergy.
On examination, a patient is noted to have a "mask-like" face with decreased blinking and a characteristic stare. These features may be characteristic of:
- A. Nephrotic syndrome
- B. Myxedema
- C. Cushing’s syndrome
- D. Parkinson disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A "mask-like" face is a classic feature of Parkinson’s disease.
When assessing a patient's condition, which of the following scenarios would be considered critical trauma?
- A. An elderly woman has fallen and has broken her collarbone.
- B. A 32-year-old man has cut his hand with a kitchen knife.
- C. A child has sustained a fracture of his femur.
- D. A teenager has fallen from a height of greater than 20 feet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A fall from a height greater than 20 feet is considered critical trauma.