Nokea
Which of the following is true about tolterodine?
- A. It should be avoided in men with prostatic hypertrophy.
- B. It increases the risk of constipation compared with oral oxybutynin.
- C. It acts by ablating detrusor spasms.
- D. It has greater risk of adverse effects with its twice-daily formulation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tolterodine is an anticholinergic that reduces detrusor spasms to alleviate symptoms of overactive bladder.
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The nurse practitioner palpates an enlarged right epitrochlear lymph node in a 30-year-old patient. The Nurse Practitioner should assess the patient's:
- A. Throat, face, and right ear
- B. Neck and supraclavicular region
- C. Right forearm and hand
- D. Right groin and abdomen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enlarged epitrochlear nodes are associated with infections or conditions in the hand or forearm.
Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Decision-making capacity can be determined only by a psychiatrist.
- B. A diagnosis of dementia precludes competent decision making.
- C. Lack of decision-making capacity should not be presumed if the patient goes against medical advice.
- D. Expression of a choice is sufficient to indicate decision-making capacity.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A patient's decision-making capacity cannot be assumed to be absent solely based on their refusal of medical advice.
A common cause of decreased libido in men is due to:
- A. Decreased blood flow in the hypogastric arterial system
- B. Endocrine dysfunction
- C. Neurologic deficit
- D. Impaired neural innervation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endocrine dysfunction, particularly low testosterone, is a common cause of decreased libido in men.
Explain why late inspiratory crackles in the lower third of the chest are indicative of heart failure rather than other respiratory conditions.
- A. They indicate airway obstruction typical of asthma.
- B. They suggest fluid accumulation in the alveoli due to heart failure.
- C. They are a sign of chronic bronchial inflammation.
- D. They are associated with hyperinflation of the lungs in COPD.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Late inspiratory crackles indicate fluid in the alveoli, a hallmark of heart failure.
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for trichomoniasis in a non-pregnant woman?
- A. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- B. Doxycycline (Vibramycin)
- C. Clindamycin (Cleocin)
- D. Clotrimazole (Lotrimin)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metronidazole is the first-line treatment for trichomoniasis.