Nokea
Children with high-risk neuroblastoma have poor survival. Current treatment consists of all the following EXCEPT
- A. surgery
- B. intensive chemotherapy
- C. radiation
- D. allogenic bone marrow transplantation
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Differentiating agents like 13-cis-retinoic acid are used instead of allogenic bone marrow transplantation in high-risk neuroblastoma.
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A 3-year-old child from a suburban community presents with vomiting, diarrhea, and blurred vision. Physical examination reveals an afebrile child with pinpoint pupils, salivation, and muscular fasciculations. The child's lawn was treated yesterday for insects. Which of the following tests will establish the correct diagnosis?
- A. Blood-lead level
- B. 24-hour urine mercury level
- C. Plasma cholinesterase level
- D. Urine malathion level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms suggest organophosphate poisoning, which can be confirmed by measuring plasma cholinesterase levels, as organophosphates inhibit this enzyme.
Which of the ff should qualify as an abnormal result in a Romberg test?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Swaying, losing balance, or arm drifting
- C. Sneezing and wheezing
- D. Excessive cerumen in the outer ear
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During a Romberg test, the individual is asked to stand with feet together, arms at sides, and eyes closed. The tester then observes for swaying, losing balance, or arm drifting, which are signs of a positive Romberg test, indicating a potential issue with proprioception or vestibular function. Hypotension (choice A) refers to low blood pressure and is not directly assessed during a Romberg test. Sneezing and wheezing (choice C) are unrelated symptoms. Excessive cerumen in the outer ear (choice D) does not affect the results of a Romberg test focused on balance and proprioception.
Which of the ff. would the nurse explain to the patient is the triad of symptoms associated with Meniere's disease?
- A. Hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus
- B. Nausea, vomiting and pain
- C. Nystagmus, headache and vomiting
- D. Nystagmus, vomiting and pain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meniere's disease is a disorder of the inner ear characterized by the triad of symptoms including hearing loss, vertigo (a spinning sensation), and tinnitus (ringing in the ear). These symptoms can occur episodically and may be associated with a feeling of fullness in the affected ear. Other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting may sometimes accompany the episodes of vertigo, but the classic triad of Meniere's disease consists of hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus. Nystagmus, headache, and pain are not typically part of the classic presentation of Meniere's disease.
What should be included in the teaching plan to young adults about the spread of AIDS?
- A. Heterosexual transmission of HIV is on the rise
- B. The increase of HIV in children is primarily attributed to the rise in sexual abuse
- C. Herpes zoster is a form of the HIV virus
- D. Transmission of HIV by IV drug users is prominent even when sterile equipment is used
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is crucial to include in the teaching plan to young adults that heterosexual transmission of HIV is on the rise. This information is important as many young adults may not be aware of the risks associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV, leading to a false sense of security. By educating them about this fact, young adults can be more informed about how HIV spreads and take necessary precautions to protect themselves and others. Providing accurate information about the modes of HIV transmission will help prevent the further spread of the virus among young adults.
An African client has been diagnosed with Osteomyelitis. The nurse expects to assess which of the following?
- A. pale, cool, tender skin at site
- B. decreased white blood cell count
- C. positive wound cultures
- D. decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone often caused by bacteria. When a client is diagnosed with Osteomyelitis, the nurse would expect to assess for positive wound cultures. This means that the wound site is likely to show growth of infectious organisms, confirming the presence of infection in the bone. A positive wound culture result helps guide appropriate antibiotic therapy to treat the infection effectively. Therefore, option C is the most appropriate assessment finding to expect in a client diagnosed with Osteomyelitis.