Nokea
Choose the CORRECT statement Babies born from mothers with gestational diabetes:
- A. Are at a high risk of being born with diabetes
- B. Are usually hypoglycaemic due to maternal insulin drug therapy
- C. Are usually of higher birth weight
- D. Are always given a glucose challenge test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gestational diabetes fattens babies high maternal sugar pumps fetal growth, a hefty birth norm. They don't inherit diabetes at birth, hypo's rare unless mom's on insulin, tests aren't routine. Nurses track this, a chronic womb echo.
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A government initiative to reduce the effects of fatigue in the workforce has recently been rolled out. As anaesthetic lead, you are asked by the chief executive of your institution to develop strategies to reduce fatigue in your department. Appropriate strategies are likely to include:
- A. Changing the frequency of night shifts on the on-call rota from every 3 days to every 2 weeks.
- B. Including a section in the trainee's handbook on the signs of fatigue, along with prevention and management strategies.
- C. Acquiring a departmental exercise bike.
- D. Reducing the number of night shifts worked by colleagues over 55 years of age.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fatigue mitigation in anaesthesia enhances safety. Reducing night shift frequency from every 3 days to every 2 weeks allows recovery (per sleep science, 48-72 hours post-night shift), significantly cutting cumulative fatigue versus less impactful measures. A handbook educates on fatigue signs (e.g., yawning, errors) and strategies (naps, caffeine), but it's passive. An exercise bike offers minor alertness boosts but not sustained relief. Age-based shift reduction addresses older workers' recovery needs, yet evidence favors roster spacing for all. Refreshments help minimally. Frequent night shifts disrupt circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis, amplifying error risk (e.g., medication misdosing); a 2-week gap aligns with occupational health guidelines for sustained performance.
How do you treat secondary syphilis?
- A. oral penicillin
- B. i.m. penicillin
- C. i.v. penicillin
- D. erythromycin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary syphilis IM penicillin blasts treponemes, not oral, IV, or erythro sidesteps. Nurses shoot this chronic cure.
The immediate nursing care to be provided to a patient presenting with a suspected ischaemic stroke include:
- A. Position on left lateral side, insert nasogastric tube, conduct an ECG and insert an IV line
- B. Primary/Secondary survey, give analgesia, 4th hourly neuro obs and vital signs, maintain oral intake
- C. Primary/Secondary survey, 4th hourly neuro obs and vital signs, monitor BGL and maintain nil by mouth
- D. 4th hourly neuro obs and vital signs, monitor BGL, insert an IV line and reduce intracranial pressure by positioning and reduced stimulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stroke hits fast surveys spot deficits, neuro obs track brain, vitals catch crashes, BGL rules out mimics, and nil by mouth preps for scans or clots, a tight first step. Lateral's for airways, not here; analgesia's late; IVs and ICP control follow. Nurses nail this, racing for tPA windows, a chronic precursor's acute kickoff.
12 lead Electrocardiography (ECG) is a diagnostic tool used to assess the cardiovascular system. Which of the following are not diagnosed by ECG?
- A. Arrhythmias
- B. Conduction abnormalities
- C. Fluid overload
- D. Enlargement of heart chambers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ECG maps heart's electric arrhythmias, blocks, chamber bulges show up. Fluid overload? Physical, echo territory ECG hints, doesn't nail it. Nurses pair tools, a chronic heart's partial scope.
Which of the following statements on NAFLD is false?
- A. Weight loss is the prime way of management
- B. Long-term management is needed
- C. Patients should be referred to specialists for further evaluation
- D. Metformin should be used as first-line treatment in patients with NAFLD and diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weight loss (5-10%) is prime for NAFLD, long-term care is essential, and specialist referral aids complex cases all true. Statins manage dyslipidemia safely in NAFLD. Metformin, though first-line for diabetes, isn't for NAFLD itself lacking evidence for steatosis reversal making this false. Physicians must clarify this in chronic care planning.