Nokea
Circumcision is the process of removing:
- A. Glans penis
- B. Scrotum
- C. Foreskin
- D. Vas deferens
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Foreskin. Circumcision involves the surgical removal of the foreskin, the retractable double-layered fold of skin that covers the head of the penis. This procedure is commonly practiced for cultural, religious, or medical reasons. Removing the glans penis (A) or scrotum (B) would be highly inappropriate and damaging. The vas deferens (D) is a duct that carries sperm from the testes, which is not involved in circumcision. Therefore, the correct anatomical structure that is removed during circumcision is the foreskin.
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The semen contains liquids originating from:
- A. prostate;
- B. scrotum;
- C. seminal vesicles;
- D. epididymal duct;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. The prostate gland secretes a milky fluid that constitutes a major portion of semen.
2. This prostatic fluid contains enzymes, citric acid, and zinc, which nourish and protect sperm.
3. Seminal vesicles also contribute to semen production, but mainly by providing fructose for sperm energy.
4. The scrotum houses the testes but does not directly contribute fluids to semen.
5. The epididymal duct is a site for sperm maturation and storage but does not produce semen fluids.
Summary:
Choice A is correct because the prostate gland secretes a significant portion of semen. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly contribute fluids to semen production.
Men who take large doses of testosterone-like androgenic steroids for long periods are sterile in the reproductive sense of the word. What is the explanation for this finding?
- A. High levels of androgens bind to testosterone receptors in the Sertoli cells, resulting in overstimulation of inhibin formation
- B. Overstimulation of sperm cell production results in the formation of defective sperm cells
- C. High levels of androgen compounds inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus, resulting in the inhibition of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by the anterior pituitary
- D. High levels of androgen compounds produce hypertrophic dysfunction of the prostate gland
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because high levels of androgen compounds inhibit the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. GnRH is responsible for stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by the anterior pituitary gland. LH and FSH are crucial for proper testicular function, including sperm production. When the secretion of GnRH is inhibited by high levels of androgens, it leads to a decrease in LH and FSH levels, ultimately disrupting the normal feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This disruption results in impaired sperm production and fertility.
Choice A is incorrect because overstimulation of inhibin formation does not directly lead to sterility. Choice B is incorrect because overstimulation of sperm cell production would not result in the formation of defective sperm cells leading to sterility. Choice D is incorrect because hypert
The helmet-like region of the sperm that is similar to a large lysosome and assists penetration of the egg is called the ________.
- A. flagellum
- B. midpiece
- C. spermatid
- D. acrosome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: acrosome. The acrosome is a specialized organelle in the sperm head that contains enzymes necessary for penetrating the egg during fertilization. It releases these enzymes to help the sperm penetrate the egg's protective outer layer. The flagellum (choice A) is the tail of the sperm that provides motility. The midpiece (choice B) contains mitochondria for energy production. Spermatid (choice C) is an immature sperm cell formed during spermatogenesis.
Parturition is another term for
- A. secretory phase ________.
- B. placental stage
- C. menopause
- D. postpartum stage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parturition refers to the process of giving birth. The postpartum stage immediately follows childbirth, involving recovery and adjustment to motherhood. The secretory phase is a phase of the menstrual cycle involving hormonal changes, not related to childbirth. The placental stage refers to the stage after the baby is born when the placenta is delivered. Menopause is the natural cessation of menstruation and fertility in women, occurring later in life and not related to childbirth. Therefore, the correct answer is D because it directly relates to the process of giving birth.
A nurse is teaching a client in the doctor's office about genital warts. Which of the following is the best discharge instruction to give to a client with genital warts?
- A. Advise all sexual contacts to be examined and treated.
- B. Antiviral IV drugs are recommended to prevent viral shedding.
- C. Topical applications of the antiviral drugs are recommended for clinical benefits.
- D. Use of alcohol, peroxide, witch hazel, and warm air from a hair dryer are recommended to keep the lesions dry.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Notifying and treating all sexual contacts is essential to prevent further spread of genital warts.