Nokea
Clinical features of intracranial injury include:
- A. Limpness, bruises, and hypothermia
- B. Irritability, hypoxia, and paralysis
- C. Hypothermia, limpness, and irritability
- D. Hypocalcemia, paralysis, and hypoxia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Irritability, hypoxia, and paralysis. Intracranial injury can lead to neurological symptoms such as irritability due to brain inflammation, hypoxia from impaired oxygen delivery, and paralysis from damage to the brain or spinal cord. Limpness, bruises, and hypothermia (Option A) are not specific to intracranial injury. Hypothermia, limpness, and irritability (Option C) do not encompass the key neurological symptoms associated with intracranial injury. Hypocalcemia, paralysis, and hypoxia (Option D) include incorrect factors not typically seen in intracranial injury.
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What are the complications associated with a high-risk pregnancy?
- A. Preterm birth
- B. Gestational diabetes
- C. Preeclampsia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. High-risk pregnancies are associated with various complications, including preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Preterm birth can lead to developmental issues for the baby. Gestational diabetes affects the mother's and baby's health. Preeclampsia can result in high blood pressure and organ damage. Choosing D as the correct answer encompasses all these complications, highlighting the comprehensive nature of risks in high-risk pregnancies. Choices A, B, and C alone do not cover all the potential complications, making them individually incorrect.
Clinical diagnosis of polyhydramnios is based on an amount of amniotic fluid exceeding
- A. 1500 ml
- B. 3000 ml
- C. 1900 ml
- D. 2500 ml
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 3000 ml. Polyhydramnios is diagnosed when the amniotic fluid volume exceeds 2000-3000 ml. This amount is considered excessive and can indicate various maternal or fetal health conditions. Choice A (1500 ml) is too low to qualify as polyhydramnios. Choice C (1900 ml) falls within the normal range of amniotic fluid volume. Choice D (2500 ml) is close to the threshold but may not always be considered excessive. Therefore, the correct diagnosis of polyhydramnios is based on an amniotic fluid volume exceeding 3000 ml.
The AGACNP is receiving report from the recovery room on a patient who just had surgical resection for pheochromocytoma. He knows that which class of drugs should be available immediately to manage hypertensive crisis, a possible consequence of physical manipulation of the adrenal medulla?
- A. Alpha-adrenergic antagonists
- B. Beta-adrenergic antagonists
- C. Intravenous vasodilators
- D. Arteriolar dilators
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D is correct:
1. Arteriolar dilators such as sodium nitroprusside are used to manage hypertensive crisis by rapidly reducing blood pressure.
2. Pheochromocytoma surgery can result in catecholamine release, causing severe hypertension.
3. Arteriolar dilators act directly on blood vessels to lower blood pressure quickly.
4. Alpha-adrenergic antagonists (A) can worsen hypotension, beta-adrenergic antagonists (B) can lead to unopposed alpha-adrenergic effects, and intravenous vasodilators (C) may not act rapidly enough.
A clinical feature that is suggestive of hypothermia neonatorum is
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypoventilation
- D. Hyperventilation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bradycardia. Hypothermia neonatorum is characterized by low body temperature in newborns, which can lead to bradycardia as the heart rate decreases in response to the cold stress. Bradycardia is a common physiological response to hypothermia as the body tries to conserve energy and maintain vital functions. Hyperglycemia, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation are not specific clinical features of hypothermia neonatorum. Hyperglycemia is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes, hypoventilation could be a sign of respiratory distress, and hyperventilation is usually seen in response to metabolic acidosis or anxiety.
The appropriate time to perform external cephalic version in a breech presentation is at
- A. 36 gestational weeks
- B. 38 gestational weeks
- C. 42 gestational weeks
- D. 40 gestational weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (A): At 36 weeks, the baby has enough room to move, reducing risks of complications during external cephalic version. Earlier intervention also allows for possible repeat attempts if needed. This timing aligns with guidelines for optimal success rates.
Summary of other choices:
B: 38 weeks may be too late as the baby may have less space to turn.
C: 42 weeks is post-term and poses risks for both the baby and the mother.
D: 40 weeks is close to full term and may not allow for adequate time for successful version.