Nokea
Clonazepam has been prescribed for the client, and the nurse teaches the client about the medication. Which statement by the client indicates that further teaching is necessary?
- A. If I experience slurred speech, it will disappear in about 8 weeks.
- B. My drowsiness will decrease over time with continued treatment.
- C. I should take my medicine with food to decrease stomach problems.
- D. I can take my medicine at bedtime if it tends to make me feel drowsy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine. Clients who experience signs/symptoms of toxicity with the administration of clonazepam exhibit slurred speech, sedation, confusion, respiratory depression, hypotension, and eventually coma. Some drowsiness may occur, but it will decrease with continued use. The medication may be taken with food to decrease gastrointestinal irritation. The medication may be taken at bedtime if drowsiness does occur. Slurred speech indicates toxicity and should be reported immediately, not expected to disappear in 8 weeks.
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A client with a hiatal hernia asks the nurse about fluids that are safe to drink and that will not irritate the gastric mucosa. What fluid should the nurse tell the client to drink?
- A. Apple juice
- B. Orange juice
- C. Tomato juice
- D. Grapefruit juice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Substances that are irritating to the client with hiatal hernia include tomato products and citrus fruits, which should be avoided. Because caffeine stimulates gastric acid secretion, beverages that contain caffeine, such as coffee, tea, cola, and cocoa, are also eliminated from the diet.
Two basic but important risk factors for testicular cancer are which of the following?
- A. Race
- B. Age
- C. Marital status
- D. Number of children
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Two basic but important risk factors for testicular cancer are race and age. The incidence of testicular cancer is four times higher among white males than black males. It is the most common type of cancer to occur in males between the ages of 15 and 34 years. Other risk factors include a history of an undescended testis and a family history of testicular cancer. Marital status and the number of children are not risk factors for testicular cancer.
The nurse provides home care instructions to a client diagnosed with cancer who has an implanted vascular access port. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I should keep the site clean and dry.
- B. If the site becomes red, I will notify my doctor.
- C. I should pump the port daily to maintain patency.
- D. The port will need to be flushed with saline to maintain patency.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Implanted vascular access ports do not require daily pumping to maintain patency; this is incorrect. Keeping the site clean and dry, notifying the doctor about redness, and flushing with saline (or heparin, per agency protocol) are correct care measures.
Which of the following situations might warrant a laboratory magnesium level?
- A. Hyperthyroidism
- B. Arthritis
- C. Ulcerative colitis
- D. Depression
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ulcerative colitis can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss. This condition may impact the absorption of certain nutrients, including magnesium. Therefore, patients with chronic gastrointestinal conditions like ulcerative colitis should be screened for electrolyte imbalances related to impaired digestion. Hyperthyroidism, arthritis, and depression do not typically directly affect magnesium levels in the same way as gastrointestinal conditions like ulcerative colitis.
Mrs. G is seen for follow-up after testing for chronically high blood glucose levels. Her physician diagnoses her with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following information is part of this client's education about this condition?
- A. Type 1 diabetes occurs due to increased carbohydrate intake and lack of exercise
- B. Type 1 diabetes is managed through diet and exercise
- C. Type 1 diabetes is caused by destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
- D. Type 1 diabetes leads to the body's cells rejecting insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a lack of insulin production. Insulin is essential for regulating blood glucose levels and enabling cells to use glucose for energy. Understanding that type 1 diabetes results from the destruction of beta cells helps patients comprehend the need for insulin replacement therapy. Choices A and B are incorrect as type 1 diabetes is not primarily caused by diet or exercise habits. Choice D is incorrect because type 1 diabetes is not about the body's cells rejecting insulin but rather the lack of insulin production due to beta cell destruction.