Nokea
Comiculate are the paired cartilage of pharynx in which shape
- A. club shape
- B. horn shape
- C. Bate shape
- D. butterfly shape
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: horn shape. The corniculate cartilages are small, horn-shaped structures located on the apex of the arytenoid cartilages in the larynx. These cartilages play a role in supporting the vocal folds. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect because the corniculate cartilages are not club-shaped, bate-shaped, or butterfly-shaped. It is crucial to understand the anatomical structure and function of the corniculate cartilages to identify the correct shape accurately.
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What is the primary principle involved in the various airway clearance devices used for mobilizing secretions?
- A. Vibration
- B. Inhalation therapy
- C. Chest physiotherapy
- D. Positive expiratory pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary principle involved in airway clearance devices used for mobilizing secretions is positive expiratory pressure, which helps in loosening and moving mucus from the airways.
A patient with a history of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for the past 20 years says that he is not alarmed by his cough. He says, "I get this cough and spit up mucus every winter." The nurse recognizes these symptoms as being suggestive of:
- A. Chronic bronchitis.
- B. Emphysema.
- C. Sarcoidosis.
- D. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. The patient's history of smoking for 20 years and persistent cough with mucus production every winter are indicative of chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes due to irritants like smoking, leading to excessive mucus production and persistent cough. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung tissue, not necessarily accompanied by mucus production. Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs, not specifically related to the symptoms described. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis involves scarring of lung tissue, typically presenting with a dry, non-productive cough.
How is a client positioned for a thoracentesis?
- A. The client sits at the side of the bed.
- B. The client lies on the affected side.
- C. The client lies flat on the back.
- D. The client lies down with the head raised.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. For thoracentesis, the client typically sits at the edge of the bed, leaning forward with arms supported on a table or over their knees to spread out the intercostal spaces and stabilize the chest wall. B is incorrect because lying on the affected side would compress the area being accessed. C is wrong as lying flat reduces access to the pleural space. D is incorrect because raising the head is not standard positioning for this procedure.
A class of immunoglobulins found concentrated in breast milk, and thus serve to passively and naturally enhance the specific immune system of a newborn is:
- A. IgA.
- B. IgD.
- C. IgE.
- D. IgG.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: IgA is the correct answer. It is found in breast milk and provides passive immunity to newborns through breastfeeding.
Step 2: IgD is mainly found on the surface of B cells and is involved in the activation of B cells.
Step 3: IgE is involved in allergic responses and parasitic infections, not typically found in high concentrations in breast milk.
Step 4: IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the bloodstream but is not typically concentrated in breast milk like IgA.
Summary: IgA is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to provide passive immunity to newborns through breast milk, while the other choices do not serve this function.
The home health nurse is making an initial call on a newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patient. The patient lives with his wife and child. Which infection control instructions shouldn't the nurse include in the teaching plan?
- A. Place contaminated tissues in sealable plastic bag.
- B. Take medications exactly as directed.
- C. Implement airborne precautions.
- D. Wash hands frequently.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because TB is transmitted through droplet transmission, not airborne. The nurse should include hand hygiene (D) to prevent spread through contact, proper medication adherence (B) to treat TB effectively, and proper disposal of contaminated materials (A) to prevent spread through fomites. Implementing airborne precautions is not necessary for TB, as it does not remain suspended in the air for long periods.