Nokea
Complement system:
- A. Is activated by bacterial endotoxins by the classical pathway
- B. Reduced C3 and C4 are usual findings in acute glomerulonephritis
- C. Hereditary angioneurotic oedema is caused by deficiency of one of the components of the classical pathway of the system
- D. Is part of humoral immunity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The complement system is a key component of humoral immunity, playing a role in the immune response to pathogens.
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Histochemical staining used for diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease is
- A. Acetyl choline esterase
- B. Dopamine
- C. Glutamate
- D. Chromogranin and synaptophysin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acetylcholine esterase staining is used to diagnose Hirschsprung's disease by identifying the absence of ganglion cells.
Which of the following is an example of ductus dependent systemic circulation?
- A. Severe Ebstein's anomaly
- B. Pulmonary atresia
- C. Tricuspid atresia
- D. Interruption of aortic arch
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Interruption of aortic arch is ductus dependent as it relies on the ductus arteriosus for systemic blood flow.
On assessment of a child admitted with a diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease, the nurse expects to note which clinical manifestation of the acute phase of the disease?
- A. Cracked lips
- B. Normal appearance
- C. Conjuntival hyperemia
- D. Desquamation of the skin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conjunctival hyperemia is a common clinical manifestation during the acute phase of Kawasaki Disease, characterized by redness of the eyes without discharge.
A client with Addison's disease started taking hydrocortisone in a divided daily dose last week. It is most important for the nurse to monitor which serum laboratory value?
- A. Osmolarity
- B. Glucose
- C. Albumin
- D. Platelets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrocortisone can affect blood glucose levels, making it important to monitor for hyperglycemia.
All are true about TAPSE (Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion), except
- A. Normal TAPSE is >17 mm
- B. Reliable measure of RV systolic function
- C. Can be measured using either M-mode or 2D echo
- D. TAPSE is measured at septal aspect of tricuspid annulus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TAPSE is measured at the lateral aspect of the tricuspid annulus, not the septal aspect.