Nokea
Complications of an infant of a diabetic mother include:
- A. Hypoglycaemia
- B. Hypocalcaemia
- C. Hyperinsulinaemia
- D. Jaundice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infants of diabetic mothers are at risk of hypoglycemia due to maternal hyperglycemia leading to fetal hyperinsulinemia, which persists after birth.
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Common presenting features of myotonic dystrophy are:
- A. Floppy infant
- B. Corneal opacities
- C. Frontal baldness
- D. Macro-orchidism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Macro-orchidism: Myotonic dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness and myotonia. Macro-orchidism (enlarged testes) is a distinctive feature, especially in male patients.
Which of the following is false regarding right ventricle?
- A. It has fine and regular trabeculations
- B. Septal attachment of AV valve is more apical
- C. Moderator band is present
- D. Trabecular septomarginalis is present
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right ventricle typically has coarse trabeculations, not fine and regular ones.
The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery. What should the nurse do if evidence of cardiac tamponade is found?
- A. Increase analgesia
- B. Apply warming blankets
- C. Immediately report this to physician
- D. Encourage child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If evidence is noted of cardiac tamponade, which is blood or fluid in the pericardial space constricting the heart, the physician is notified immediately of this life-threatening complication. Increasing analgesia may be done before the physician drains the fluid, but the physician must be notified. Warming blankets are not indicated at this time. Encouraging the child to cough, turn, and breathe deeply should be deferred till after the evaluation by the physician.
When providing care for a client following bronchoscopy, which assessment finding should the nurse immediately report to the healthcare provider?
- A. Slight blood-tinged sputum
- B. Dyspnea and dysphagia
- C. Sore throat and hoarseness
- D. No gag reflex after thirty minutes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Absence of a gag reflex after bronchoscopy may indicate nerve damage or complications requiring immediate intervention.
Bronchoconstriction is a recognised side effect of:
- A. Captopril
- B. Salbutamol
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. Paracetamol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salbutamol can cause bronchoconstriction in some cases due to its paradoxical effect, especially if overused or misused.