Nokea
List THREE major criteria for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
- A. Persistently positive blood cultures
- B. Echo evidence positive for IE
- C. New valvar regurgitation
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The major criteria are critical for diagnosing infective endocarditis based on clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings.
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In the most common type of CAH:
- A. Autosomal dominant transmission occurs
- B. II -Hydroxylase is deficient
- C. Hypertension is seen
- D. 17-OH progesterone is increased
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 17-OH progesterone is increased: In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the most common form is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, leading to increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.
A female client who was involved in a motor vehicle collision with a fractured left femur which is immobilized using a fracture traction splint in preparation for an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). The nurse determines that her distal pulses are diminished in the left foot. Which interventions should the nurse implement? Select all that apply.
- A. Monitor left leg for pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pressure. Verify pedal pulses using a doppler pulse device. Evaluate the application of the splint to the left leg
- B. Verify pedal pulses using a Doppler pulse device
- C. Evaluate the application of the splint to the left leg.
- D. Administer pain medication to alleviate discomfort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of compartment syndrome and verifying pulses are critical to ensure adequate circulation and prevent complications.
During a paracentesis, two liters of fluid are removed from the abdomen of a client with ascites. A drainage bag is placed, and 50 ml of clear, straw-colored fluid drains within the first hour. What action should the nurse implement?
- A. Palpate for abdominal distention
- B. Send fluid to the lab for analysis
- C. Continue to monitor the fluid output
- D. Clamp the drainage tube for 5 minutes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring fluid output is essential to assess for complications such as reaccumulation of fluid or bleeding.
Bronchoconstriction is a recognised side effect of:
- A. Captopril
- B. Salbutamol
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. Paracetamol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salbutamol can cause bronchoconstriction in some cases due to its paradoxical effect, especially if overused or misused.
Regarding hypogonadotropic hypogonadism:
- A. Kallman syndrome is an example
- B. It is caused by testicular atrophy secondary to trauma
- C. LHRH testing is used to distinguish it from other forms of hypogonadism
- D. It is treated with buserelin sprays
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kallman syndrome is a classic example of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by delayed puberty and anosmia.