Nokea
Polysplenia (left isomerism) is characterized by
- A. right-sided stomach
- B. decreased pulmonary blood flow
- C. absent gallbladder
- D. howell-jolly bodies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polysplenia is associated with left-sided structures and absent gallbladder.
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Concerning bulimia nervosa:
- A. Review of teeth may aid diagnosis
- B. Patients may get hypokalaemia
- C. Patients are likely to neglect their appearance
- D. There is an association with calluses on the dorsum of hands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalaemia is a common complication of bulimia nervosa due to purging behaviors. Dental erosion and calluses on the hands are also associated with bulimia.
A 3-year-old child is receiving dextrose 5% in water and half-normal saline solution at 100 ml/hour. Which sign or symptom suggests excessive I.V. fluid intake?
- A. Worsening dyspnea
- B. Gastric distension
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Temperature of 102°F (38.9° C)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Worsening dyspnea may indicate fluid overload, leading to pulmonary edema and respiratory distress.
A nurse obtains the health history of a client who is newly admitted to the medical unit. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse to the presence of edema?
- A. I wake up to go to the bathroom at night.
- B. My shoes fit tighter by the end of the day.
- C. I seem to be feeling more anxious lately.
- D. I drink at least eight glasses of water a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tight-fitting shoes by the end of the day suggest fluid retention (edema), a common sign of cardiovascular or renal issues.
The following investigations are not needed in a 3-year old on TPN for the past 3 weeks:
- A. Serum selenium
- B. Serum manganese
- C. Serum iron
- D. Serum calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because serum iron is not typically monitored in children on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The other options (a, b, d, e) are commonly monitored to prevent deficiencies or toxicities.
In the most common type of CAH:
- A. Autosomal dominant transmission occurs
- B. II -Hydroxylase is deficient
- C. Hypertension is seen
- D. 17-OH progesterone is increased
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: 17-OH progesterone is increased: In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the most common form is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, leading to increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.