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Complications of uterine rupture:
- A. Hemorrhage, uterine atony, infection, peritonitis
- B. Preterm labor, cord prolapse, uterine prolapse
- C. Fetal distress, placental abruption, uterine rupture
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because uterine rupture can lead to severe complications such as hemorrhage from blood vessels tearing, uterine atony causing failure of the uterus to contract, infection due to exposure of internal tissues, and peritonitis from inflammation of the abdominal lining. Choices B and C are incorrect as they list complications that are not directly associated with uterine rupture. Preterm labor, cord prolapse, uterine prolapse, fetal distress, placental abruption are potential consequences of other obstetric complications but not specifically uterine rupture. Therefore, choice A is the most appropriate answer given the context of uterine rupture.
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Causes of Down syndrome are
- A. Trisomy, deletion and non-disjunction
- B. Mosaicism, duplication and translocation
- C. Translocation, mosaicism and deletion
- D. Mosaicism, trisomy and translocation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because Down syndrome is primarily caused by trisomy of chromosome 21. This means there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to the characteristic features of the syndrome. Mosaicism and translocation of chromosome 21 can also result in Down syndrome, albeit less frequently. Option A includes deletion, which is not a common cause of Down syndrome. Option B lists duplication, which is not a typical mechanism for Down syndrome. Option C includes deletion and mosaicism, but trisomy is the main cause of Down syndrome, making option D the most accurate choice.
Cardiac disease grade 1 is also known as
- A. Organic disease
- B. Mitral stenosis
- C. Ventricular failure
- D. Vascular disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Grade 1 cardiac disease refers to early-stage or mild heart conditions that are not yet severe. Choice A, "Organic disease," is the correct answer as it encompasses a broad category of structural heart abnormalities. Mitral stenosis (B) and ventricular failure (C) are specific conditions that can be present in cardiac disease but do not represent the general term for grade 1. Vascular disease (D) primarily refers to conditions affecting blood vessels, not the heart itself. In summary, choice A is correct because it is a comprehensive term that includes various structural heart abnormalities typically found in grade 1 cardiac disease, while the other choices are either too specific or unrelated to the concept of grade 1 cardiac disease.
A patient with chronic hepatic encephalopathy is being discharged home. Discharge teaching centers upon long-term management strategies to prevent ammonia accumulation. Teaching for this patient includes instruction about
- A. Lactulose taken 20 g PO daily
- B. Spironolactone taken 100 mg PO daily
- C. Protein intake of 50 g daily
- D. Zolpidem taken 10 mg PO qhs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein intake of 50 g daily. In hepatic encephalopathy, reducing protein intake is crucial to prevent ammonia accumulation. Protein breakdown in the body leads to ammonia production, which worsens encephalopathy symptoms. Limiting protein intake to 50g daily helps decrease ammonia formation. Lactulose (choice A) is used to reduce ammonia absorption in the gut. Spironolactone (choice B) is a diuretic used to treat fluid retention in liver disease. Zolpidem (choice D) is a sedative and not related to managing ammonia accumulation in hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for long-term management of ammonia accumulation in hepatic encephalopathy.
Perception and reaction to labor pain is highly influenced by
- A. Labor preparedness and fatigue
- B. Culture and age of the woman
- C. Culture and level of education
- D. Number of deliveries and anxiety
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because culture and level of education can significantly impact how women perceive and react to labor pain. Culture shapes beliefs, norms, and attitudes towards pain, influencing coping mechanisms. Education can enhance understanding of pain management techniques. Option A lacks specificity on how preparedness and fatigue affect perception. Option B oversimplifies by only considering culture and age. Option D overlooks the influence of education and focuses solely on anxiety and number of deliveries.
The MAIN aim of encouraging plenty of fluids to a postnatal client with urinary tract trauma is to
- A. Control growth of organisms
- B. Keep client well hydrated
- C. Maintain proper fluid balance
- D. Facilitate proper healing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Postnatal clients with urinary tract trauma are at risk of dehydration due to increased fluid loss.
Step 2: Encouraging plenty of fluids helps maintain hydration levels.
Step 3: Proper hydration supports kidney function and aids in flushing out bacteria, reducing infection risk.
Step 4: Adequate hydration also promotes tissue healing and prevents complications.
Step 5: Therefore, the main aim of encouraging plenty of fluids is to keep the client well hydrated.