Nokea
Contributing features to renal osteodystrophy include:
- A. Hypophosphataemia
- B. Hyperparathyroidism
- C. Increased loss of calcium in the kidney
- D. Hypoalbuminaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism is a key contributor to renal osteodystrophy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease.
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Acute bronchiolitis is associated with:
- A. A higher incidence in infants than in school children
- B. The production of copious amounts of purulent sputum
- C. Widespread fine crackles
- D. A polymorphonuclear leucocytosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute bronchiolitis is more common in infants and is associated with fine crackles. Purulent sputum and polymorphonuclear leucocytosis are not typical features.
The clinic nurse is reviewing strategies for blood glucose monitoring with a client who is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. When helping the client select a blood glucose meter, which client assessments should the nurse complete?
- A. Manual dexterity and visual acuity
- B. Capillary refill time and radial pulse volume
- C. Deep tendon reflexes and skin color
- D. Skin elasticity and hand grip strength
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Manual dexterity and visual acuity are important for the client to properly use the glucose meter.
An older female client with long term type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is seen in the clinic for a routine health assessment. To determine if the client is experiencing any long-term complication of DM, which assessments should the nurse obtain?
- A. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- B. Sensation in feet and legs
- C. Skin condition of lower extremities
- D. Visual acuity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These assessments are crucial for detecting complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
For the child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, which medication may be given to keep the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open until surgery can be done?
- A. Prostaglandin E
- B. Indomethicin
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prostaglandin E is used to keep the PDA open in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, allowing for adequate blood flow until surgical intervention can be performed.
An older client is admitted after falling while walking. The left leg is externally rotated and shorter than the right leg, and the client is having severe pain and tingling in the left foot. The nurse is unable to palpate the left pedal pulses. Which action is most important for the nurse to implement?
- A. Use a doppler to assess bilateral pedal pulses
- B. Administer pain medication to relieve discomfort.
- C. Position the client’s left leg in a neutral position to reduce pain.
- D. Immobilize the left leg to prevent further injury.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Assessing pedal pulses with a doppler is critical to evaluate circulation and detect potential vascular compromise in the affected limb.