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Critique the following statement made by the nurse: "I know it may be hard, but you should do what the doctor ordered because he/she is the expert in this field.'

  • A. This statement is inappropriate because it shows the nurse's bias.
  • B. This statement is appropriate because members of the health care team are experts in the area of patient care.
  • C. This type of statement creates dependency and inferiority in the patient and is best avoided in an interview situation.
  • D. At times, it is necessary to use authority statements when dealing with patients, especially when they are undecided about an issue.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement made by the nurse implies a power dynamic that can create dependency and inferiority in the patient, which is not conducive to a patient-centered approach. In a healthcare setting, it is important to empower patients to be active participants in their care decisions rather than being passive recipients. Encouraging patients to blindly follow orders without understanding or questioning can lead to poor outcomes and lack of patient engagement. Therefore, it is best to avoid making statements that reinforce hierarchical relationships and instead foster open communication and shared decision-making.

The other choices are incorrect because:
A: This choice focuses on bias, which is not the main issue at hand in this scenario.
B: While healthcare team members are experts in their respective fields, the emphasis should be on collaborative decision-making rather than blind obedience.
D: Using authority statements may be necessary in certain situations, but it does not address the potential harm of creating dependency and inferiority in the patient.

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A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following abdominal surgery. The nurse should prioritize which of the following in the immediate post-operative period?

  • A. Administering pain medication.
  • B. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises.
  • C. Monitoring for signs of infection.
  • D. Providing the patient with solid food.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encouraging deep breathing and coughing exercises. This is prioritized in the immediate post-operative period to prevent respiratory complications like atelectasis and pneumonia. Deep breathing helps to expand the lungs and coughing helps clear secretions. Administering pain medication (A) is important but not the top priority. Monitoring for signs of infection (C) is crucial but usually done after ensuring respiratory stability. Providing solid food (D) is contraindicated initially to prevent post-operative complications like ileus.

A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic hypertension about lifestyle changes. Which of the following is the most appropriate teaching for this patient?

  • A. "You should increase your sodium intake to maintain good blood pressure."
  • B. "It is important to increase physical activity and reduce stress."
  • C. "Take your medications only when your blood pressure increases."
  • D. "You should monitor your blood pressure every week."
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because increasing physical activity and reducing stress are important lifestyle changes for managing chronic hypertension. Exercise helps lower blood pressure and stress reduction techniques can help control hypertension. Option A is incorrect as reducing sodium intake, not increasing it, is recommended. Option C is incorrect as medications for hypertension should be taken as prescribed, not only when blood pressure increases. Option D is incorrect as monitoring blood pressure should be done regularly, but not necessarily every week.

Which of the following statements about the mental health examination is true?

  • A. A patient's family is the best resource for information about the patient's coping skills.
  • B. It is usually sufficient to gather mental health information during the health history interview.
  • C. It takes an enormous amount of extra time to integrate the mental health examination into the health history interview.
  • D. It is usually necessary to perform a complete mental health examination to get a good idea of the patient's level of functioning.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because the mental health examination should be integrated into the health history interview. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the patient's mental health status. Gathering mental health information during the health history interview is crucial as it provides insight into the patient's current mental state, past history, and potential risk factors. This integrated approach is efficient and effective in assessing the patient's mental health needs.

A is incorrect because while family input can be valuable, it is not always the best or only resource for information about coping skills.

C is incorrect as integrating the mental health examination into the health history interview should not necessarily take an enormous amount of extra time if done efficiently.

D is incorrect as a complete mental health examination may not always be necessary to assess the patient's level of functioning; integrating mental health information into the health history interview can often provide sufficient insight.

A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of stroke. The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?

  • A. Pulmonary embolism.
  • B. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  • C. Hypertension.
  • D. Hyperglycemia.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Patients with a history of stroke are at increased risk for DVT due to immobility and potential damage to blood vessels. Monitoring for DVT is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications like pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism (A) is a potential complication of DVT but not the most direct concern. Hypertension (C) is a common condition but not directly linked to a history of stroke. Hyperglycemia (D) is more commonly associated with diabetes rather than stroke history. Monitoring for DVT in stroke patients is essential for early detection and intervention.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is a recent immigrant and has limited English proficiency. Which of the following is the best action the nurse should take?

  • A. Use medical jargon to explain the procedure to ensure the patient understands.
  • B. Speak loudly and slowly to make sure the patient understands.
  • C. Use a professional interpreter or translation services to communicate effectively.
  • D. Ask the patient's family to translate for the nurse.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Use a professional interpreter or translation services to communicate effectively. This is the best action because it ensures accurate communication and understanding between the nurse and the patient. Professional interpreters are trained to accurately convey information while respecting cultural nuances.

Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Using medical jargon can confuse the patient further and hinder effective communication.
B: Speaking loudly and slowly can come across as patronizing and does not address the language barrier.
D: Relying on the patient's family for translation can lead to miscommunication or breaches of patient confidentiality.

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