HESI Maternal Newborn

HESI Maternal Newborn Related

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Daisy was always unusually short for her age. She was unable to conceive a child after marriage, and upon visiting a doctor, she was prescribed estrogen replacement therapy. Daisy is most likely suffering from:

  • A. Phenylketonuria (PKU).
  • B. Cystic fibrosis.
  • C. Turner syndrome.
  • D. Huntington's disease (HD).
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Daisy's symptoms of short stature and infertility, along with the prescription of estrogen replacement therapy, are indicative of Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome is a genetic condition in which a female is partially or completely missing one X chromosome. This results in short stature, infertility, and other physical characteristics. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene responsible for the breakdown of the amino acid phenylalanine. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline.

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A client has experienced a fetal demise following a vaginal delivery at term. What should the nurse advise the client?

  • A. "You can bathe and dress your baby if you'd like to."
  • B. "If you don't hold the baby, it will make letting go much harder."
  • C. "You should name the baby so he/she can have an identity."
  • D. "I'm sure you will be able to have another baby when you're ready."
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: After a fetal demise, allowing the parents to bathe and dress their baby can offer them a sense of closure and help them in their grieving process. This act can provide a tangible way for the parents to bond with their baby and create lasting memories. Option B is incorrect because each individual may have different emotional needs and holding the baby may not be appropriate or helpful for everyone. Option C, while well-intentioned, may not be suitable for all parents as naming the baby could be emotionally challenging. Option D is insensitive as it overlooks the grieving process of losing a baby by suggesting a replacement.

When both of the alleles for a trait, such as hair color, are the same, the person is said to be _____ for that trait.

  • A. monozygous
  • B. dizygous
  • C. homozygous
  • D. hemizygous
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A person is homozygous for a trait when they have two identical alleles for that trait. In this case, both alleles are the same, indicating a homozygous genotype. Choice A, 'monozygous,' is incorrect as it refers to identical twins originating from a single fertilized egg. Choice B, 'dizygous,' is also incorrect as it refers to fraternal twins or individuals that develop from two separate fertilized eggs. Choice D, 'hemizygous,' is incorrect because it describes a genetic condition where only one allele is present in a diploid organism, typically related to genes on the sex chromosomes.

What is the typical sex chromosome pattern for females?

  • A. XX
  • B. XYY
  • C. XY
  • D. XXY
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The typical sex chromosome pattern for females is XX. Females have two X chromosomes, which is represented as XX. Choice B (XYY) is incorrect as it represents the sex chromosome pattern for males with an extra Y chromosome. Choice C (XY) is the sex chromosome pattern for males. Choice D (XXY) represents a genetic disorder known as Klinefelter syndrome, where males have an extra X chromosome.

What causes Down's syndrome?

  • A. Alcohol abuse by the mother at the time of conception.
  • B. Sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities.
  • C. An extra chromosome on the 21st pair.
  • D. Drug abuse by the mother during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair. Choice A is incorrect as alcohol abuse is not the cause of Down's syndrome. Choice B is incorrect because Down's syndrome is not related to sex-linked chromosomal abnormalities. Choice D is also incorrect as drug abuse by the mother during pregnancy is not the cause of Down's syndrome.

A primiparous woman presents in labor with the following labs: hemoglobin 10.9 g/dL, hematocrit 29%, hepatitis surface antigen positive, Group B Streptococcus positive, and rubella non-immune. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

  • A. Transfuse 2 units of packed red blood cells.
  • B. Give measles, mumps, rubella vaccine 0.5 mL.
  • C. Administer ampicillin 2 grams intravenously.
  • D. Inject hepatitis B immune globulin 0.5 milliliters.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct intervention in this scenario is to administer ampicillin 2 grams intravenously. This is crucial to prevent Group B Streptococcus infection in the newborn during delivery. Option A, transfusing packed red blood cells, is not indicated based on the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels provided. Option B, giving measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, is not necessary at this time. Option D, injecting hepatitis B immune globulin, is not appropriate for the conditions presented in the question.

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