Nokea
Decreased DLCO is seen with:
- A. Increased CO in circulation
- B. Anaemia
- C. Pulmonary fibrosis
- D. Exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis: Decreased diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a hallmark of pulmonary fibrosis, where lung tissue becomes scarred, reducing its ability to transfer gases.
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While assessing a newborn with respiratory distress, the nurse auscultates a machine-like heart murmur. Other findings are a wide pulse pressure, periods of apnea, increased PaCO2, and decreased PO2. The nurse suspects that the newborn has:
- A. Pulmonary hypertension
- B. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- C. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- D. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A machine-like murmur is the hallmark of a PDA.
A client with a history of asthma and bronchitis arrives at the clinic with shortness of breath, productive cough with thickened tenacious mucous, and the inability to walk up a flight of stairs without experiencing breathlessness. Which action is most important for the nurse to instruct the client about self-care?
- A. Increase the daily intake of oral fluids to liquefy secretions
- B. Avoid crowded enclosed areas to reduce pathogen exposure
- C. Call the clinic if undesirable side effects of mediations occur
- D. Teach anxiety reduction methods for feelings of suffocation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake helps to thin secretions, making them easier to expectorate and improving airway clearance.
Which among the following is a correct description for the condition 'mitral arcade'?
- A. Absent chordal insertions
- B. Absent papillary muscles
- C. Fused papillary muscles
- D. Elongated papillary muscles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitral arcade is characterized by fused papillary muscles.
Which of the following is a neurocutaneous syndrome without cutaneous manifestations?
- A. Sturge-Weber syndrome
- B. Tuberous sclerosis
- C. Ataxia telangiectasia
- D. Von Hippel-Lindau disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a neurocutaneous syndrome that primarily affects internal organs and often lacks cutaneous manifestations.
The patient experiences a headache and is unable to move the left side of his body. The most likely cause is
- A. embolic stroke
- B. cerebral thrombosis
- C. cerebral abscess
- D. moyamoya disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Embolic stroke is a common complication of cyanotic congenital heart disease.