Nokea
Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion of:
- A. Fat
- B. Disaccharides
- C. Complex carbohydrates
- D. Protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bile salts emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets to facilitate digestion by lipase enzymes.
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Emulsification of fats by bile takes place in-
- A. Duodenum
- B. Liver
- C. Stomach
- D. Intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bile emulsifies fats in the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
Which of these is not a carbohydrate?
- A. sugar
- B. starch
- C. fat
- D. cellulose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fat is a lipid, not a carbohydrate, unlike sugar, starch, and cellulose.
Which process is stimulated by adrenaline in the cells of the liver?
- A. breakdown of glycogen, increasing the blood glucose level
- B. breakdown of excess amino acids, forming urea
- C. breakdown of proteins, releasing amino acids into the blood
- D. conversion of excess blood glucose to glycogen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adrenaline stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver, breaking down glycogen into glucose to increase blood glucose levels.
A 70-year-old male patient is experiencing symptoms of constipation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. Physical examination reveals visible distension of the abdomen, and a contrast study shows dilation of the large intestine. Which of the following motility disorders is the most probable cause of the patient's symptoms?
- A. Excessive peristalsis in the large intestine
- B. Impaired segmentation in the small intestine
- C. Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine
- D. Excessive segmentation in the small intestine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced peristalsis in the large intestine slows transit, leading to constipation, bloating, and dilation, as seen in the contrast study.
During active HCL secretion parietal cell shows:
- A. Few short microvilli while tubulovesicular system increases.
- B. Microvilli are prominent numerous while the tubulovesicular system decreases.
- C. More rER & secretory vesicles
- D. Cytoplasm becomes more basophilic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During active HCl secretion, parietal cells' intracellular canaliculi expand with numerous microvilli, and the tubulovesicular system decreases as it fuses with the canaliculi.