Nokea
Define in your own words the term 'the natural history of disease'.
- A. The progression of a disease without medical intervention.
- B. The impact of treatment on disease outcomes.
- C. The study of disease origins.
- D. The distribution of diseases in populations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The natural history of disease refers to the course a disease takes in the absence of medical intervention, from onset to resolution.
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In any programme target refers to:
- A. set of activities
- B. objective of programme
- C. degree of achievement
- D. evaluation to be done
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targets in programs refer to the degree or level of achievement expected.
According to guideline recommended by WHO for quality of water E coli in distribution system per 100 ml of water is
- B. 50
- C. 100
- D. 5
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: WHO guidelines specify that no E. coli should be present in drinking water.
Which of the following opportunistic fungal infection is seen in AIDS?
- A. candida
- B. Cryptococcus
- C. coccidioides
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All these fungal infections are commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, including those with AIDS.
What is meant by determinants in epidemiology?
- A. Factors influencing disease occurrence.
- B. Only genetic factors.
- C. Only environmental factors.
- D. Only behavioral factors.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Determinants encompass all factors—biological, environmental, and social—that contribute to disease occurrence.
Horizontal line drawn from 50% tick mark to plotted curve intersects at median
- A. Cumulative frequency curve
- B. Survival curve
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This feature describes cumulative frequency curves where the median is identified.