Nokea
Median age of old population is
- A. more than 30 years
- B. more than 40 years
- C. 50 years
- D. 60 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older populations typically include individuals above 30 years.
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Define the following terms: Controlled clinical trial
- A. A study where all participants receive the same treatment.
- B. A trial comparing an intervention against a control group.
- C. A trial without any specific hypotheses.
- D. A trial conducted without ethical approval.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Controlled clinical trials compare interventions to a control to establish causality.
Define the following terms: synergism
- A. The combined effect of two factors is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
- B. The combined effect of two factors is less than the sum of their individual effects.
- C. The neutralization of one factor by another.
- D. The isolation of one factor from another.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Synergism occurs when two or more factors interact to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Qualitative data is not generated by
- A. Focus group discussion
- B. Observation
- C. Questionnaire
- D. Interviews
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Qualitative data is generally not collected through structured questionnaires, which are more suited for quantitative data.
when research topic is not novel and relevant:
- A. correct it
- B. change it
- C. read more about it
- D. review articles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If a research topic lacks novelty and relevance, changing it is advisable.
What is the RR of dying of coronary thrombosis for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 1.2
- B. 1.3
- C. 1.4
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 599 / 422 ≈ 1.42. Smokers have a 1.42 times higher risk of dying from coronary thrombosis compared to nonsmokers.