Nokea
Define the following terms: Experimental study
- A. A planned intervention where the investigator controls exposure to determine its effect.
- B. A study that uses historical data to analyze outcomes.
- C. A study conducted without a control group.
- D. A study where participants choose their own exposure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An experimental study is characterized by the investigator's control over exposure.
You may also like to solve these questions
You are conducting a study of insulin resistance and its relationship to body weight. Using a weight scale as your instrument to measure body weight, you find the scale always reads 30 kg regardless of who is standing on it. Discuss the validity and reliability of the scale.
- A. The scale is reliable but not valid.
- B. The scale is neither reliable nor valid.
- C. The scale is valid but not reliable.
- D. The scale is both reliable and valid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency of the measurement, which this scale demonstrates by consistently reading 30 kg. However, validity refers to accuracy, which this scale lacks since it does not measure true weight.
Common methods of identifying additional cases (expanding surveillance) as part of an outbreak investigation include:
- A. Advising the public through newspapers, TV, radio, and the health department's website to contact the local health department
- B. Asking case-patients who they were with at the time of exposure (if known)
- C. Sending a fax to healthcare providers
- D. Telephoning the infection control practitioners at local hospitals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Public advisories help identify potential cases and expand surveillance effectively.
Describe the significance for epidemiology of the use of vital statistics.
- A. Vital statistics provide data on births and deaths.
- B. Vital statistics are irrelevant to epidemiology.
- C. Vital statistics are used only for economic analysis.
- D. Vital statistics focus solely on infectious diseases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vital statistics help track population health trends and identify outbreaks or patterns.
Weight, height, length is
- A. Ordinal scale
- B. Interval scale
- C. Ratio scale
- D. Nominal scale
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight, height, and length are ratio scales as they have a true zero point and allow for meaningful ratios.
Denominator of prenatal mortality is
- A. Number of live births
- B. Number of deliveries (live and still births)
- C. Live births— still births
- D. Number of still births
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prenatal mortality includes both live and still births, making the total number of deliveries the appropriate denominator.