Nokea
The statistical analysis of two unrelated big data (n=200) is by:
- A. A paired t-test
- B. Chi-square test
- C. Z-test
- D. Unpaired test
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Unpaired tests compare means between two independent large samples.
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UN declaration on human right occurred in:
- A. 1948
- B. 1950
- C. 1946
- D. 1952
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.
Common methods of identifying additional cases (expanding surveillance) as part of an outbreak investigation include:
- A. Advising the public through newspapers, TV, radio, and the health department's website to contact the local health department
- B. Asking case-patients who they were with at the time of exposure (if known)
- C. Sending a fax to healthcare providers
- D. Telephoning the infection control practitioners at local hospitals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Public advisories help identify potential cases and expand surveillance effectively.
You are conducting a study of insulin resistance and its relationship to body weight. Using a weight scale as your instrument to measure body weight, you find the scale always reads 30 kg regardless of who is standing on it. Discuss the validity and reliability of the scale.
- A. The scale is reliable but not valid.
- B. The scale is neither reliable nor valid.
- C. The scale is valid but not reliable.
- D. The scale is both reliable and valid.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency of the measurement, which this scale demonstrates by consistently reading 30 kg. However, validity refers to accuracy, which this scale lacks since it does not measure true weight.
National vitamin A programme was initiated in
- A. 1981
- B. 1992
- C. 1993
- D. 1994
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The National Vitamin A Programme began in 1981.
What is the primary reason for preparing and distributing surveillance summaries?
- A. Document recent epidemiologic investigations.
- B. Provide timely information on disease patterns and trends to those who need to know it.
- C. Provide reprints of MMWR articles, reports, and recommendations.
- D. Acknowledge the contributions of those who submitted case reports.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Summaries aim to inform relevant stakeholders quickly about emerging trends and patterns.