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What do vital statistics provide important sources of data on?
- A. Morbidity.
- B. Mortality.
- C. Health-related behaviors.
- D. Injury and disability.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vital statistics also track injuries and disabilities, contributing to a comprehensive health overview.
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UN declaration on human right occurred in:
- A. 1948
- B. 1950
- C. 1946
- D. 1952
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.
Describe the overall trends reflected in the chart.
- A. Cyclical increases followed by declines
- B. Steady increase over time
- C. Steady decline over time
- D. Random fluctuations with no pattern
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pertussis exhibits cyclical patterns due to waning immunity and vaccination coverage.
What is the primary reason for preparing and distributing surveillance summaries?
- A. Document recent epidemiologic investigations.
- B. Provide timely information on disease patterns and trends to those who need to know it.
- C. Provide reprints of MMWR articles, reports, and recommendations.
- D. Acknowledge the contributions of those who submitted case reports.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Summaries aim to inform relevant stakeholders quickly about emerging trends and patterns.
Community based participatory researches (CBPR) use
- A. Emic perspective
- B. Etic perspective
- C. Technical perspective
- D. Both b and c
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CBPR often employs both etic and technical perspectives to ensure comprehensive understanding and applicability.
Discuss the possible long-term and short-term effects that farm workers may experience when they are exposed to organophosphate pesticides.
- A. Short-term: nausea, headaches; Long-term: neurological damage.
- B. Short-term: increased energy; Long-term: improved cognition.
- C. Short-term: weight gain; Long-term: enhanced immune function.
- D. Short-term: improved vision; Long-term: heightened sensory perception.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Organophosphates cause acute cholinergic symptoms and chronic neurological damage due to enzyme inhibition.