Define the following terms: Pharmacoepidemiology
- A. The study of the uses and effects of drugs in large populations.
- B. The study of neurological disorders in populations.
- C. The study of oral health diseases in populations.
- D. The study of kidney diseases in populations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pharmacoepidemiology focuses on the use and effects of drugs across large populations, assessing risks and benefits.
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Which of the following opportunistic fungal infection is seen in AIDS?
- A. candida
- B. Cryptococcus
- C. coccidioides
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All these fungal infections are commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals, including those with AIDS.
What is the RR of dying of coronary thrombosis for smokers versus nonsmokers?
- A. 1.2
- B. 1.3
- C. 1.4
- D. 1.5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RR = (Death rate among smokers / Death rate among nonsmokers) = 599 / 422 ≈ 1.42. Smokers have a 1.42 times higher risk of dying from coronary thrombosis compared to nonsmokers.
Ergonomics is related to
- A. Economics
- B. Agriculture
- C. Engineering means to reduce occupational hazards
- D. Agricultural economics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ergonomics involves engineering principles to design workspaces and tools that reduce occupational hazards.
Binomial distribution is
- A. Discrete distribution
- B. Continuous distribution
- C. Individual distribution
- D. Poisson distribution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The binomial distribution models discrete outcomes, typically successes and failures.
According to guideline recommended by WHO for quality of water E coli in distribution system per 100 ml of water is
- B. 50
- C. 100
- D. 5
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: WHO guidelines specify that no E. coli should be present in drinking water.