Nokea
Depression that occurs during cold winter months would be classified as
- A. baby blues
- B. bipolar disorder
- C. seasonal affective disorder
- D. obsessive-compulsive disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) ties depression to winter-less light, per psychiatry-unlike baby blues (postpartum), bipolar (cycles), or OCD (obsessions). SAD's seasonal link defines it, matching symptoms.
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A local municipality is alerted that low doses of carbon tetrachloride have been dumped into the drinking water. A public health alert is transmitted to all residents of this town. Which of the following signs and symptoms should these residents be aware of?
- A. Convulsions
- B. Eye irritation
- C. Nausea
- D. Stupor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbon tetrachloride exposure causes nausea , reflecting GI and hepatic toxicity. Convulsions and stupor occur with high doses. Eye irritation and vomiting (E) are less specific. Low-dose ingestion aligns with nausea as a primary symptom.
A client has just been prescribed with methotrexate (Trexall) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis who did not respond to any other treatment. An important reminder for the client is to?
- A. Clay-colored stool is a normal response to the treatment.
- B. Pregnancy is not contraindicated with the use of the medication.
- C. Strict hand washing.
- D. Get a daily source of sunlight during the day.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant, increasing the risk of infections. Strict hand washing and infection prevention measures are crucial. Clay-colored stools are not normal and may indicate liver dysfunction. Pregnancy is contraindicated due to the risk of fetal harm. Sunlight exposure should be limited to reduce the risk of photosensitivity reactions.
Which of the following 'overdoses' is most commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis, but when more severe a metabolic acidosis?
- A. Methanol
- B. Lead
- C. Paracetamol
- D. Salicylate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Overdose toxicities differ in acid-base effects. Methanol causes metabolic acidosis via formic acid, not respiratory alkalosis. Lead poisoning leads to anemia or neurologic issues, rarely acid-base shifts. Paracetamol overdose induces lactic acidosis from liver failure, not respiratory changes initially. Salicylate (e.g., aspirin) overdose stimulates the respiratory center early, causing hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis (low pCO2), but severe cases add metabolic acidosis (high anion gap) from uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation and lactic acid buildup. Codeine, an opioid, depresses respiration, causing acidosis, not alkalosis. Salicylate's dual pattern is distinctive, requiring urgent recognition—initial alkalosis shifts to acidosis as toxicity worsens, guiding bicarbonate or dialysis treatment.
A patient has been taking digoxin at home but took an accidental overdose and has developed toxicity. The patient has been admitted to the telemetry unit, where the physician has ordered
- A. . The patient asks the nurse why the medication is ordere
- B. What is the nurse™s best response?
- C. It will increase your heart rat
- D.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct response is to inform the patient that the medication, likely an antiarrhythmic agent such as digoxin immune fab (Digibind), helps to convert the irregular heart rhythm caused by digoxin toxicity to a more normal rhythm. This explanation provides a clear understanding of why the medication is being administered in cases of digoxin toxicity. It is important for the nurse to educate the patient about the purpose of the medication and how it will help manage the symptoms of digoxin toxicity.
The specificity of the adrenergic blocking agents allows the clinician to select a drug to do what?
- A. Have the desired effect
- B. Multiply undesired effects
- C. Increase specificity with higher serum blood levels
- D. Improving concentration in the body
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This specificity allows the clinician to select a drug that will have the desired therapeutic effects without the undesired effects that occur when the entire sympathetic nervous system is blocked. In general, however, the specificity of adrenergic blocking agents depends on the concentration of drug in the body. Most specificity is lost with higher serum drug levels. The nurse should understand the importance of drug specificity to ensure safe and effective administration.