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Describe the significance for epidemiology of the identification of specific agents of disease.
- A. It allows for targeted treatments.
- B. It proves that all diseases are infectious.
- C. It eliminates the need for surveillance.
- D. It focuses solely on chronic diseases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Identifying specific agents enables effective prevention, control, and treatment strategies.
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Observation checklist is the................ of data collection
- A. Tool
- B. Method
- C. Manual
- D. Guideline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An observation checklist serves as a tool for systematically collecting data during observations.
Descriptive epidemiology is essential for 'characterizing the outbreak' by time, place, and person, but has little bearing on the analytic epidemiology.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Descriptive epidemiology informs the development of hypotheses tested in analytic studies.
When is initiating surveillance for a new public health problem justified?
- A. If it is a communicable disease with a high case-fatality rate.
- B. If the problem is new and systematically collected data are needed to characterize the disease.
- C. If a program at CDC has recommended its addition to better understand national trends and patterns.
- D. To guide, monitor, and evaluate programs to prevent or control the problem.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Surveillance is essential to guide and evaluate prevention and control strategies.
Randomization is done in experimental study:
- A. to eliminate selection bias.
- B. to select control
- C. to eliminate confounding bias
- D. all of above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Randomization helps to eliminate selection and confounding biases while selecting controls.
Define in your own words the term 'risk factor'.
- A. A characteristic or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing a disease.
- B. A factor that decreases disease risk.
- C. A protective measure against illness.
- D. A statistical anomaly in health data.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A risk factor is any attribute, characteristic, or exposure that increases the probability of an individual developing a disease or health condition.