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Despite the presence of safety aids such as handrails in the bathrooms at an assisted living facility, the number of fractures due to unsteady ambulation upon arising from the bed and when attempting to perform activities of daily living has increased. Which complementary alternative medicine (CAM) would be an effective intervention for this population?
- A. Yoga
- B. Acupuncture
- C. Tai chi
- D. Magnet therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Tai chi is the correct answer because it focuses on improving balance, strength, and flexibility, which are essential for preventing falls in the elderly. Tai chi's slow, controlled movements can help improve stability and reduce the risk of fractures.
Summary:
A (Yoga) focuses more on flexibility and relaxation, not specifically on balance and stability.
B (Acupuncture) is not a physical activity and does not directly address the issue of unsteady ambulation.
D (Magnet therapy) lacks scientific evidence to support its effectiveness in improving balance and preventing falls.
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The informed consent documents must include: (select all that apply)
- A. an explanation of potential risks and benefits to participants in the study.
- B. medical terminology rather than lay terms to prevent misunderstanding of the study.
- C. a statement on how the anonymity and confidentiality of participants are protected.
- D. explanation of the cost of the study.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because informed consent documents must provide participants with an explanation of potential risks and benefits to ensure they fully understand what they are agreeing to. This helps participants make an informed decision about participating. Option B is incorrect because using medical terminology can actually increase misunderstanding; lay terms are recommended. Option C is incorrect as it is essential to include a statement on protecting anonymity and confidentiality to ensure participant privacy. Option D is incorrect as explaining the cost of the study is not a necessary component of informed consent.
A researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with a survey of college sophomores. The researcher was applying the principles of:
- A. beneficence.
- B. human dignity.
- C. justice.
- D. human rights.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: beneficence. Beneficence refers to the ethical principle of maximizing benefits and minimizing harm in research. In this scenario, the researcher calculated the risk-to-benefit ratio and concluded that no harmful effects were associated with the survey of college sophomores. By considering the well-being of the research participants and ensuring that the benefits outweigh any potential risks, the researcher demonstrated the application of beneficence.
Summary:
Choice A is correct because it aligns with the ethical principle of beneficence in research. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the consideration of risks and benefits in research involving human participants.
Which of the following are concepts related to nursing theory? (select all that apply)
- A. Environment
- B. Health
- C. Nursing
- D. Relevance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Environment. Nursing theory often includes the concept of environment, which encompasses physical, social, and psychological factors influencing a patient's health. This concept helps nurses understand the context in which care is provided and how it impacts health outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
B: Health - While health is a fundamental aspect of nursing, it is not specific to nursing theory concepts.
C: Nursing - This is a broad term encompassing the profession itself, not a specific concept within nursing theory.
D: Relevance - This term is not directly associated with nursing theory concepts and does not provide a framework for understanding nursing practice.
A student nurse is preparing a presentation that requires identification of outcomes for the care of heart failure patients. Which is a correctly written outcome?
- A. Develop a teaching program to address physical activities that result in improved cardiac function.
- B. Discuss the clinical manifestations associated with Level 4 heart failure.
- C. List the most common pharmaceutical approaches to reduce preload in heart failure patients.
- D. Recognize the economic impact that recidivism has on the patient and health care facility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it specifies a measurable and achievable goal related to improving cardiac function through physical activities. It follows the SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound). Option B does not provide a specific outcome, while Option C focuses on pharmaceutical approaches rather than outcomes. Option D is unrelated to the goal of improving outcomes for heart failure patients. Thus, option A is the most appropriate choice for a well-defined and relevant outcome for the care of heart failure patients.
The nurse who is responsible for following the patient from admission through discharge or resolution of illness while working with a broad range of health care providers is called a:
- A. nurse manager.
- B. case manager.
- C. coordinator of patient-centered care delivery.
- D. team leader in team nursing care delivery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: case manager. A case manager is responsible for coordinating care for a patient from admission to discharge, collaborating with various healthcare providers. This role involves managing the patient's overall care plan, ensuring continuity and efficiency. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Nurse manager focuses on managing nursing staff and unit operations, not individual patient care.
C: Coordinator of patient-centered care delivery may oversee care coordination but does not necessarily follow the patient throughout the entire care journey.
D: Team leader in team nursing care delivery is focused on leading a specific nursing team, not managing the patient's entire care process.