Nokea
What are general explanations that scholars use to explain, predict, control, and understand commonly occurring events?
- A. Theories
- B. Constructs
- C. Systems
- D. Propositions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Theories. Theories are comprehensive explanations that scholars use to understand commonly occurring events by organizing and explaining a set of principles or laws. Theories help in predicting and controlling events based on established frameworks. Constructs (B) refer to abstract concepts within theories, systems (C) are organized structures of elements, and propositions (D) are statements that describe relationships between concepts, but they do not provide the comprehensive explanations that theories do.
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An RN recently relocated to another region of the country and immediately assumed the role of charge nurse. When determining the appropriate person to whom to delegate, the RN knows that:
- A. the role of the LPN/LVN is the same from state to state.
- B. the LPN/LVN can be taught to perform all the duties of an RN if approved by the employer and if additional on-the-job training is provided.
- C. he or she must review the state's nurse practice act for LPN/LVNs, because each state defines the role and scope of practice of the LPN/LVN.
- D. The Joint Commission has certified and established roles for the LPN/LVN.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. When delegating tasks to an LPN/LVN, the RN must review the state's nurse practice act because each state defines the role and scope of practice of the LPN/LVN. This is crucial as the LPN/LVN scope of practice can vary significantly from state to state. By reviewing the nurse practice act, the RN ensures that the tasks being delegated fall within the legal scope of practice for the LPN/LVN in that specific state, promoting safe and effective patient care.
Choice A is incorrect because the role of the LPN/LVN can differ between states.
Choice B is incorrect because LPN/LVNs cannot perform all duties of an RN, and additional training does not change their scope of practice.
Choice D is incorrect because the Joint Commission does not establish roles for LPN/LVNs; it focuses on accreditation standards for healthcare organizations.
A nursing unit is comparing team nursing to the partnership model and finds that:
- A. with the partnership model, an RN does not have to be part of the mix.
- B. leadership abilities of the RN is a major determinant of effectiveness of care for both models.
- C. the RN teaches the LPN/LVN or unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) how to apply the nursing process in team nursing.
- D. with team nursing the RN cares for the patient while the team members work with the family or significant others.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the leadership abilities of the RN are crucial in both team nursing and the partnership model. In team nursing, the RN coordinates care provided by team members. In the partnership model, the RN collaborates with a partner to deliver care effectively.
Choice A is incorrect because the presence of an RN is essential in both models to ensure the delivery of safe and high-quality care.
Choice C is incorrect because the RN's role in teaching how to apply the nursing process is not specific to team nursing or the partnership model but is a general nursing responsibility.
Choice D is incorrect because in team nursing, the RN is responsible for coordinating care for the patient, including working with the family or significant others, rather than solely caring for the patient while others work with the family.
Nurses caring for the victims of a mass casualty incident:
- A. determine the common terminology to be used by hospitals and participating agencies.
- B. take charge of communicating with the news media.
- C. determine whether there is a credible threat of a terrorist attack.
- D. give priority for care to those with the greatest chance of survival rather than those most critically ill.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because prioritizing care based on the greatest chance of survival maximizes the number of lives saved in a mass casualty incident. This approach follows the principle of triage, which aims to allocate resources efficiently. Choice A is incorrect as it pertains to coordination rather than immediate patient care. Choice B is incorrect as it is not the primary role of nurses during a mass casualty incident. Choice C is incorrect as determining a credible threat is the responsibility of security and law enforcement, not nurses.
A person who is covered by Medicaid moves from one state to another and asks the nurse at the health department why the benefits changed. The correct response by the nurse is:
- A. "Local government controls which benefits each county can provide to Medicaid recipients."
- B. "The federal government does not fund any part of Medicaid, so each state must find ways to pay for benefits."
- C. "Each state determines benefits on the basis of the present economy."
- D. "Medicaid is funded by both state and federal governments, but benefits vary from state to state."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Medicaid is funded by both state and federal governments, but benefits vary from state to state."
Rationale:
1. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program, meaning it is funded by both levels of government.
2. States have flexibility in designing and administering their Medicaid programs, leading to variations in benefits across states.
3. When an individual covered by Medicaid moves to a different state, they may experience changes in benefits due to these state-specific variations.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. While local governments may have some influence, Medicaid is primarily funded by both state and federal governments.
B: Incorrect. The federal government does provide funding for Medicaid, but states also contribute, and benefits do vary across states.
C: Incorrect. State benefits under Medicaid are not solely determined by the present economy; they are influenced by various factors and state policies.
A nurse is seeking to become culturally competent in regard to obtaining information during health history and when performing physical diagnosis. The nurse is aware that which biologic variation is found in all of the following ethnicities: blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and American Indians?
- A. Mongolian spots
- B. Sickle cell anemia
- C. Lactose intolerance
- D. Thalassemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sickle cell anemia. This genetic disorder is found in individuals of African, Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian descent. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to the production of abnormal hemoglobin. This condition is more prevalent in these ethnic groups due to historical reasons and natural selection against malaria.
A: Mongolian spots are common in Asian infants but not in all the mentioned ethnicities.
C: Lactose intolerance is more common in individuals of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent but not specifically in American Indians.
D: Thalassemia is more prevalent in individuals of Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian descent, not in all the mentioned ethnicities.