Nokea
Developmental delay in children below 3 years of age is defined as
- A. 25% departure from typical performance in 2 developmental domains
- B. 25% departure from typical performance in any developmental domain
- C. 30% departure from typical performance in ≥2 developmental domains
- D. 30% departure from typical performance in any developmental domain
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Developmental delay in children below 3 years is defined as a 30% departure from typical performance in any developmental domain, indicating significant lag.
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Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a client who has gastroesophageal reflux?
- A. Teach the client to elevate the head of the bed on blocks
- B. Remind the client to avoid high-fiber foods
- C. Encourage the client to lie down and rest after meals
- D. Instruct the client to use antacids only as a last resort
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed on blocks helps reduce reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus, improving symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Which are the most serious complications for a child with Kawasaki disease? Select all that apply.
- A. Coronary thrombosis
- B. Hypocoagulability
- C. Decreased sedimentation time (ESR)
- D. Coronary stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most serious complications of Kawasaki disease involve the coronary arteries, including thrombosis, stenosis, and aneurysms, which can lead to significant cardiac issues.
A nurse cares for a client who has advanced cardiac disease and states, I am having trouble sleeping at night. How should the nurse respond?
- A. I will consult the provider to prescribe a sleep study to determine the problem.
- B. You become hypoxic while sleeping; oxygen therapy via nasal cannula will help.
- C. A continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, breathing mask will help you breathe at night.
- D. Use pillows to elevate your head and chest while you are sleeping.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Elevating the head and chest can reduce fluid accumulation in the lungs, improving breathing and sleep quality in clients with advanced cardiac disease.
X-linked conditions include:
- A. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- B. Hypophosphataemic rickets
- C. Huntington's chorea
- D. Phenylketonuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.
A heart transplant may be indicated for a child with severe heart failure and:
- A. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
- B. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- D. Pulmonic stenosis (PS)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is treated by procedures such as the Norwood procedure or heart transplant.