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The nurse is monitoring an infant with a congenital heart disease closely for signs of heart failure. Which early sign should the nurse be most concerned about?
- A. Pallor
- B. Cough
- C. Tachycardia
- D. Slow and shallow breathing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia is an early sign of heart failure in infants because the heart attempts to compensate for decreased cardiac output by increasing the heart rate.
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While caring for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the nurse performs a neurological assessment every four hours. Which assessment finding warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?
- A. Inappropriate laughter
- B. Increasing anxiety
- C. Weakened cough effort
- D. Asymmetrical weakness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A weakened cough effort can lead to respiratory complications, which are life-threatening in ALS patients.
Manifestations of endocarditis include all of the following EXCEPT
- A. Gottron nodules
- B. hematuria
- C. petechiae
- D. splenomegaly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gottron nodules are associated with dermatomyositis, not endocarditis.
What is the Duke Treadmill score for a patient who exercised for 10 minutes (12 METS) and had a maximum of 1 mm ST depression at peak exercise without angina?
- A. 5
- B. 7
- C. 9
- D. 10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Duke Treadmill score is calculated based on exercise duration
A child born with Down syndrome should be evaluated for which associated cardiac manifestation?
- A. Congenital heart defect (CHD)
- B. Systemic hypertension
- C. Hyperlipidemia
- D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CHD is found frequently in children with Down syndrome.
Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Campylobacter infection
- B. Peutz-Jegher's syndrome
- C. Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- D. Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include conditions like Peutz-Jegher's syndrome which is a genetic disorder causing polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Campylobacter Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli are common causes of infectious diarrhoea while Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition.