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Developmental social neuroscience __________.
- A. involves the design of flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to complete tasks
- B. emphasizes that preschoolers' thinking is full of faulty logic because they engage in hands-on exploration
- C. is devoted to studying the relationship between changes in the brain and emotional and social development
- D. involves the study of brain activity and the individual's linear and logical cognitive processing patterns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Developmental social neuroscience is dedicated to examining the connection between changes in the brain and emotional and social development. This field of study focuses on how the brain's development influences an individual's social and emotional behavior. By studying brain activity alongside emotional and social development, researchers can gain insights into how these aspects are interrelated and how they impact one another.
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In his research study, Dr. Johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance. Consequently, Dr. Johnson should use __________ after the research session is over.
- A. informed consent
- B. a privacy statement
- C. debriefing
- D. a placebo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dr. Johnson should use debriefing after the research session is over because giving participants false feedback may have affected them psychologically. Debriefing involves explaining the true nature of the study, including any deception that occurred, to the participants in order to protect their well-being and address any lingering concerns or misconceptions they may have. It is an important ethical practice in research to ensure participants are fully informed about the study they were involved in.
In an experimental study examining whether children who are read to more often score higher on vocabulary tests in first grade, the independent variable would be the __________.
- A. frequency of read-alouds
- B. type of books parents read
- C. child's vocabulary score
- D. difficulty of vocabulary words
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In an experimental study, the independent variable is the factor being manipulated or controlled by the researcher. In this case, the frequency of read-alouds is the variable that researchers would intentionally change or vary to see its effect on the dependent variable, which is the children's vocabulary scores. The other options (B. type of books parents read, C. child's vocabulary score, and D. difficulty of vocabulary words) are not the independent variable in this study as they are either irrelevant or are the outcome being measured.
The yolk sac __________.
- A. forms during the third trimester of pregnancy
- B. is the outer ring of cells that surrounds the blastocyst Copyright ƒâ€š‚© 2018 Laura E. Berk. All Rights Reserved. 3 Test Bank for Berk, Development Through the Lifespan, 7e
- C. produces blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function
- D. contains one large vein that delivers blood loaded with nutrients and two arteries that remove waste
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The yolk sac is an extraembryonic membrane that plays a significant role in the early development of the embryo. One of its functions is to produce blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function. This process occurs during the early stages of prenatal development to support the growing embryo before it can sustain itself independently.
In a historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert, John Watson demonstrated that __________.
- A. children cannot be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
- B. infants as young as a few months old will repeat a behavior to obtain a desirable reward
- C. children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus
- D. children have an innate, inborn fear of rats
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the historic experiment with 11-month-old Albert conducted by John Watson, it was demonstrated that children can be conditioned to fear a formerly neutral stimulus. This is known as classical conditioning, where a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. In this case, Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat by pairing the rat with a loud noise. This experiment showcased the power of conditioning in shaping behavior and emotional responses in children.
During her labor, Renee asks for a mild dose of painkillers to help her relax. Renee will probably be given __________.
- A. an anesthetic
- B. an analgesic
- C. folic acid
- D. an anti-inflammatory medication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renee will likely be given an analgesic during her labor to help manage her pain and provide relaxation. Analgesics are painkillers that can help reduce pain without causing loss of consciousness, making them suitable for labor pain management. Examples of analgesics commonly used during labor include opioids like morphine and non-opioids like acetaminophen.