Chronic Disease Discussion Questions

Chronic Disease Discussion Questions Related

Review Chronic Disease Discussion Questions related questions and content

Dexmedetomidine:

  • A. Is recognized as an α₁ receptor agonist.
  • B. Increases the minimum alveolar concentration of volatile agents.
  • C. Causes bradycardia.
  • D. Has a loading dose of 0.5-1.0 μg kg⁻¹.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α₂-adrenergic receptor agonist, not α₁, used for sedation with minimal respiratory depression. It reduces the minimum alveolar concentration of volatile anesthetics by enhancing sedation and analgesia, not increasing it. Bradycardia is a well-known side effect due to its sympatholytic action, decreasing heart rate via vagal stimulation and reduced catecholamine release. The standard loading dose is indeed 0.5-1.0 μg kg⁻¹ over 10 minutes, followed by infusion, aligning with clinical protocols. At high infusion rates, respiratory depression is unlikely, distinguishing it from opioids. Bradycardia's prominence as a side effect stems from its mechanism activation of α₂ receptors in the brainstem and periphery inhibits sympathetic outflow, making it a critical consideration in perioperative management, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.

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What is an implementation intention?

  • A. The decision of an organisation to implement a specific method or intervention
  • B. A concrete plan to show particular behaviour in specific situations
  • C. A well-considered idea of how a person can handle a relapse or difficult situations
  • D. The intention to live healthier in all important areas of life
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Implementation intention specific act, set scene, not org moves, relapse plans, or vague health kicks. Nurses cue this, a chronic action lock.

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with stage I colon cancer. When assessing the need for psychologic support, which question by the nurse will provide the most information?

  • A. How long ago were you diagnosed with this cancer?'
  • B. Do you have any concerns about body image changes?'
  • C. Can you tell me what has been helpful to you in the past when coping with stressful events?'
  • D. Are you familiar with the stages of emotional adjustment to a diagnosis like cancer of the colon?'
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Stage I colon cancer's early psych support hinges on coping history . Past wins reveal strengths, more than timing , body image (B less hit here), or textbook stages . Nurses in oncology dig this how they've handled stress before predicts now, guiding tailored help.

Oxygen therapy is prescribed as long term continuous therapy (more than 15 hours/day) to

  • A. Improve QOL, reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and dyspnoea and increase survival
  • B. Reduce respiratory effort caused by the damage to airways and lung parenchyma
  • C. Increase patient comfort, reduce cyanosis and assist with sleeping
  • D. Relieve anxiety related to breathlessness and reassure carer that the patient is receiving adequate oxygenation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Long-term O2 in COPD lifts life cuts lung pressure, eases breath, boosts survival, a proven lifeline. Effort's not the target; comfort's secondary; anxiety's a perk, not goal. Nurses push this, a chronic game-changer.

Which condition assessed by the nurse would be an early warning sign of childhood cancer?

  • A. Difficulty swallowing
  • B. Frequent cough or hoarseness
  • C. Change in bowel and bladder habits
  • D. Swellings, lumps or masses anywhere on the body
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Childhood cancers often present with subtle, non-specific signs, but swellings, lumps, or masses anywhere on the body are a key early warning, indicating possible tumors like leukemia (lymphadenopathy), Wilms tumor, or sarcomas. Nurses must assess these palpable abnormalities, as they prompt urgent diagnostic workup imaging or biopsy to catch cancer early when treatment is most effective. Difficulty swallowing might suggest esophageal or brain tumors but isn't a common early childhood cancer sign. Frequent cough or hoarseness could indicate adult cancers (e.g., lung) or late-stage disease, not typical pediatric onset. Bowel and bladder changes are more adult-specific (e.g., colorectal cancer) or late effects in children. Lumps' prominence in pediatric guidelines underscores their priority, aligning with nursing's role in early detection to improve survival rates in young patients.

During a routine health examination, a 40-yr-old patient tells the nurse about a family history of colon cancer. Which action should the nurse take next?

  • A. Obtain more information about the family history.
  • B. Schedule a sigmoidoscopy to provide baseline data.
  • C. Teach the patient about the need for a colonoscopy at age 50.
  • D. Teach the patient how to do home testing for fecal occult blood.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Family history of colon cancer flags risk first step's digging deeper: who, when, how many cases? That shapes if it's sporadic or hereditary (e.g., Lynch syndrome), guiding screening timing. Jumping to sigmoidoscopy or fecal tests skips assessment too soon without details. Colonoscopy at 50's standard, but family history might bump it earlier (e.g., 40 or 10 years before kin's diagnosis). Nurses in oncology start here, gathering intel to tailor prevention, not rushing tools that might miss the mark without context.

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