Nokea
What is essential in an ecological approach to health behaviour?
- A. People should be approached in their natural environment
- B. People learn behaviour in a layered environment
- C. People aim to find a balance between risk and health
- D. If it is beneficial to one's health, it is also sustainable
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ecological health layered worlds shape acts, not just spots, balance, or green wins. Nurses weave this, a chronic context web.
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During a routine health examination, a 40-yr-old patient tells the nurse about a family history of colon cancer. Which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Obtain more information about the family history.
- B. Schedule a sigmoidoscopy to provide baseline data.
- C. Teach the patient about the need for a colonoscopy at age 50.
- D. Teach the patient how to do home testing for fecal occult blood.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Family history of colon cancer flags risk first step's digging deeper: who, when, how many cases? That shapes if it's sporadic or hereditary (e.g., Lynch syndrome), guiding screening timing. Jumping to sigmoidoscopy or fecal tests skips assessment too soon without details. Colonoscopy at 50's standard, but family history might bump it earlier (e.g., 40 or 10 years before kin's diagnosis). Nurses in oncology start here, gathering intel to tailor prevention, not rushing tools that might miss the mark without context.
The pathophysiology of Asthma differs from COPD as:
- A. It is characterised by airflow limitation.
- B. There is abnormal inflammatory response to exposure to noxious particles or gases.
- C. The airflow limitation is reversible.
- D. It is considered an obstructive lung disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asthma and COPD both feature airflow obstruction, but their pathophysiology diverges critically. Both have limitation, but asthma's is intermittent and reversible with bronchodilators due to bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation (e.g., eosinophilic), per Farrell (2017). COPD's abnormal inflammatory response to noxious stimuli (e.g., smoking) causes progressive, irreversible damage (e.g., neutrophilic, emphysema), not asthma's profile. Reversibility defines asthma spirometry normalizes post-treatment unlike COPD's fixed obstruction (FEVâ‚/FVC <0.7 persists). Both are obstructive diseases, but this isn't the distinguishing feature. Asthma's reversible limitation stems from smooth muscle spasm and mucosal edema, responsive to therapy, contrasting COPD's structural loss (alveolar destruction), making this the key differential in clinical management and prognosis.
A primary nursing responsibility is the prevention of lung cancer by assisting patients in smoking/tobacco cessation. Which tasks would be appropriate to delegate to the LPN/LVN?
- A. Develop a quit plan
- B. Explain the application of a nicotine patch
- C. Discuss strategies to avoid relapse
- D. Suggest ways to deal with urges for a tobacco
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: LPN/LVNs shine in standardized teaching like explaining nicotine patch application, a medication-focused task within their scope, detailing placement and timing to aid cessation. Developing a quit plan requires RN-level planning and assessment of individual needs. Discussing relapse strategies involves behavioral counseling, an RN forte. Suggesting urge-coping methods needs tailored insight, beyond LPN/LVN training. Patch explanation leverages their skills, supporting lung cancer prevention through practical cessation aid, a delegated task enhancing team efforts while keeping complex planning with RNs.
The nurse is caring for a 55-year-old male who presented to this primary physician's office for his yearly check-up. Upon the physical assessment, the provider noted enlarged lymph nodes in the groin and neck region. The provider Questioned Joe regarding the possible causes of the finding. Which of the following diagnosis are consistent with this finding?
- A. Leukemia
- B. Lymphoma
- C. Sickle cell anemia
- D. Polycythemia vera
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lymphoma swells nodes neck and groin lumps fit this cancer's lymphoid sprawl, a diagnosis matching this check-up find. Leukemia bones out, sickle cell pains, polycythemia thickens none node-centric. Nurses tie this to lymphoma, anticipating biopsy, a nodal tale in this cancer hunt.
Endothelial dysfunction is one of the first steps in the development of atherosclerosis. Question: Which factor is NOT involved in endothelial dysfunction?
- A. Haemodynamic changes (e.g. hypertension)
- B. Inflammation
- C. Lipids
- D. Proteinuria
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Endothelial flops pressure, inflammation, lipids kick it, proteinuria's kidney, not vessel start. Nurses spot this, a chronic dysfunction trio.