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Diamond Blackfan anemia is different from Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood as the former has
- A. Increased adenosine deaminase
- B. Mean corpuscular volume is decreased
- C. Female predominance
- D. Antecedent history of viral illness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diamond Blackfan anemia is characterized by increased adenosine deaminase activity, unlike Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood.
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The nurse is obtaining a client's fingerstick glucose level. After gently milking the client's finger, the nurse observes that the distal tip of the finger appears reddened and engorged. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Collect the blood sample
- B. Assess radial pulse volume
- C. Apply pressure to the site
- D. Select another finger
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The reddened and engorged appearance is due to increased blood flow, and the sample can still be collected.
A diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn can be made if:
- A. Oxygen saturation in the hand is 80% and in the foot 67%
- B. A tachypnoeic baby has a saturation of 60%
- C. A baby with history of being covered in thick meconium at birth has PaO2 of 4kPa
- D. A septic baby is hypoxic in 100% oxygen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A significant difference in oxygen saturation between the upper and lower extremities (e.g., hand 80%, foot 67%) is indicative of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
Injury to radial nerve involves:
- A. Abductor pollicis brevis is affected
- B. Abduction at the shoulder joint is impaired
- C. Sensory loss on the medial aspect of forearm is seen
- D. First dorsal interosseus is affected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abduction at the shoulder joint is impaired
The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The child’s parent asks the nurse, “How does Kawasaki disease affect my child’s heart and blood vessels?†On what understanding is the nurse’s response based?
- A. Inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm.
- B. Increased lipid levels lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
- C. Untreated disease causes mitral valve stenosis.
- D. Altered blood flow increases cardiac workload with resulting heart failure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inflammation of vessels weakens the walls of the vessels and often results in aneurysm.
List FOUR other cardiac manifestations for Marfan’s syndrome, aside from aortopathy.
- A. Mitral valve prolapse/regurgitation
- B. Calcification of the mitral valve <40 years
- C. Dilation of pulmonary artery
- D. Dilation or dissection of ascending/descending aorta (<50 years old)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Marfan's syndrome may involve multiple cardiac complications including mitral valve prolapse and other structural heart abnormalities.