Nokea
Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
- A. OTC drugs are always safe and will not cause bad effects.'
- B. OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).'
- C. OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription and cost less.'
- D. OTC drugs are thought to be safe when taken as directed.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: OTC drugs are drugs that have been determined to be safe when taken as directed. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were tested by the FDA or they may have been grandfathered in when the FDA laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the hospital discharge instructions.
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Mechanisms of transmembrane signaling are the following EXCEPT:
- A. Transmembrane receptors that bind and stimulate a protein tyrosine kinase
- B. Gene replacement by the introduction of a therapeutic gene to correct a genetic effect
- C. Ligand-gated ion channels that can be induced to open or close by binding a ligand
- D. Transmembrane receptor protein that stimulates a GTP-binding signal transducer protein (G-protein) which in turn generates an intracellular second messenger
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gene replacement is a therapeutic strategy, not a signaling mechanism.
A nurse is caring for a client after thyroidectomy and notes that calcium gluconate is prescribed for the client. The nurse determines that this medication has been prescribed to:
- A. Treat thyroid storm.
- B. Prevent cardiac irritability.
- C. Treat hypocalcemic tetany.
- D. Stimulate the release of parathyroid hormone.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypocalcemia can develop after thyroidectomy if the parathyroid glands are accidentally removed or injured during surgery. Manifestations develop 1 to 7 days after surgery. If the client develops numbness and tingling around the mouth, fingertips, or toes or muscle spasms or twitching, the health care provider is notified immediately. Calcium gluconate should be kept at the bedside.
You are doing an admission assessment on a patient. During the medication history portion of the assessment what would be important to assess with herbal supplements?
- A. Research them for interactions with other medications
- B. Discontinue them if taking prescription medications
- C. Take them one hour before prescription medications
- D. Take them three hours after prescription medications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Researching herbal interactions ensures safe integration with prescribed drugs, preventing adverse effects.
A prescription needs to be written for:
- A. Legend drugs
- B. Most controlled drugs
- C. Medical devices
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prescriptions are required for legend drugs (prescription-only), most controlled drugs, and certain medical devices , per regulatory standards.
An older adult experiencing shortness of breath is brought to the hospital by her daughter. While obtaining the medication history from the patient and her daughter, the nurse discovers that neither has a list of the patient's current medications or prescriptions. The patient has a weekly pill dispenser that contains four different pills. The prescriptions are filled through the local pharmacy. Which resource would be appropriate to use in determining the medication names and doses?
- A. Martindale-The Complete Drug Reference
- B. Drugs and Facts Comparisons
- C. Senior citizens' center
- D. Patient's home pharmacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's pharmacy maintains an accurate record of all current medications, making it the best resource for identifying the drugs and doses.