Nokea
Discuss the strategies to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia.
- A. Oral hygiene
- B. Elevation of head
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prevention includes maintaining oral hygiene and elevating the head of the bed.
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A nurse is required to monitor a client with dysrhythmia during the administration of isoproterenol. Which of the following nursing interventions will help to determine the drug response?
- A. Monitor vital signs.
- B. Closely monitor the pulse rate.
- C. Monitor blood pressure.
- D. Monitor fluid intake and output.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring fluid balance helps assess volume status and its impact on heart rate and rhythm during isoproterenol administration.
Which surgical procedure involves removing a portion of the lung?
- A. Lobectomy
- B. Pneumonectomy
- C. Tracheostomy
- D. Bronchoscopy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lobectomy. A lobectomy involves the removal of a lobe of the lung. This procedure is commonly done to treat lung cancer or other conditions affecting a specific lobe. Pneumonectomy (B) involves the removal of an entire lung, not just a portion. Tracheostomy (C) is the surgical creation of an opening in the windpipe to help with breathing, not a lung removal procedure. Bronchoscopy (D) is a diagnostic procedure to visualize the airways using a flexible tube with a camera, not a lung removal surgery. Therefore, A is the correct choice for removing a portion of the lung.
What is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, usually in the legs, and can travel to the lungs, causing serious complications?
- A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Varicose veins
- D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins, typically in the legs. These clots can dislodge and travel to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. Choice B, pulmonary embolism, is a complication of DVT, not the initial condition. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins usually visible on the skin surface, not deep veins. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowed arteries, not blood clots in veins.
Which type of lung cancer is strongly associated with exposure to asbestos?
- A. Mesothelioma
- B. Adenocarcinoma
- C. Squamous cell carcinoma
- D. Small cell lung cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mesothelioma. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart, and is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos fibers. Asbestos exposure is a well-established risk factor for developing mesothelioma. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell lung cancer are not typically associated with asbestos exposure. This association is key in determining the correct answer.
The client asks about side effects of taking digoxin. How does the nurse respond?
- A. Anorexia can be a side effect of digoxin.
- B. Tachycardia can be a side effect of digoxin.
- C. Constipation can be a side effect of digoxin.
- D. Urinary retention can be a side effect of digoxin.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anorexia can be a side effect of digoxin. Digoxin is known to cause anorexia due to its impact on the gastrointestinal system. It can lead to nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, resulting in anorexia. Tachycardia (choice B) is not a common side effect of digoxin, as it is actually used to treat certain types of arrhythmias. Constipation (choice C) and urinary retention (choice D) are also not typically associated with digoxin use. In summary, anorexia is a known side effect of digoxin, while tachycardia, constipation, and urinary retention are not commonly linked to this medication.