Nokea
What is the amount of tension the ventricle must develop during contraction to eject blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?
- A. Afterload
- B. Preload
- C. Automaticity
- D. Ejection fraction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Afterload. Afterload refers to the amount of tension the ventricle must develop during contraction to eject blood into the aorta. It is the resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood. Preload (B) is the stretch on the heart muscle before contraction. Automaticity (C) refers to the heart's ability to generate electrical impulses. Ejection fraction (D) is the percentage of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each heartbeat.
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The nurse is caring for a client on heparin. What is the most important lab value to monitor?
- A. aPTT
- B. INR
- C. Platelet count
- D. Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: aPTT. This lab value is crucial for monitoring heparin therapy as it measures the effectiveness of the medication in preventing blood clots. Monitoring aPTT helps ensure the client is within the therapeutic range to prevent bleeding or clotting complications. Incorrect choices:
B: INR is used to monitor warfarin therapy, not heparin.
C: Platelet count is important, but aPTT is more directly related to heparin therapy.
D: Hemoglobin is important for assessing anemia but not specific to monitoring heparin therapy.
Mrs. Payer's care plan during the acute phase following MI should include attention to such psychologic aspects as fear, stress, and hopefulness. Therapeutic goals from the time of admission must be geared to
- A. acceptance
- B. rehabilitation
- C. slowing down
- D. dependence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acceptance facilitates adaptation to illness.
A nurse is required to monitor a client with dysrhythmia during the administration of isoproterenol. Which of the following nursing interventions will help to determine the drug response?
- A. Monitor vital signs.
- B. Closely monitor the pulse rate.
- C. Monitor blood pressure.
- D. Monitor fluid intake and output.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring fluid balance helps assess volume status and its impact on heart rate and rhythm during isoproterenol administration.
What is a chronic condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged, reducing its ability to pump blood effectively?
- A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- C. Myocarditis
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dilated cardiomyopathy. This is a chronic condition characterized by the heart muscle becoming weakened and enlarged, leading to reduced pumping efficiency. This results in symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by thickening of the heart muscle, not weakening and enlargement.
C: Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, not specifically causing heart muscle weakening and enlargement.
D: Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium (outer lining of the heart), not directly affecting heart muscle function.
What condition is characterized by a water hammer pulse?
- A. Aortic regurgitation
- B. Mitral valve stenosis
- C. Mitral regurgitation
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A water-hammer pulse is characteristic of aortic regurgitation due to the sudden increase in arterial pressure followed by rapid decline.