Nokea
Diseases that primarily involve the motor unit include:
- A. Werdnig-Hoffman disease
- B. Guillain-Barre syndrome
- C. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
- D. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Werdnig-Hoffman disease, also known as spinal muscular atrophy type 1, primarily affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord.
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Which should the nurse consider when preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery?
- A. Unfamiliar equipment should not be shown.
- B. Let the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor.
- C. Avoid mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions.
- D. Explain that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The child and family should be exposed to the sights and sounds of the intensive care unit (ICU). All positive, nonfrightening aspects of the environment are emphasized. The child should be shown unfamiliar equipment and its use demonstrated on a doll. Carefully prepare the child for the postoperative experience, including intravenous (IV) lines, incision, and endotracheal tube.
Corneal opacities are seen in:
- A. Marfan's syndrome
- B. Herpes simplex infection
- C. Hurler syndrome
- D. Osteogenesis imperfecta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corneal opacities are a characteristic feature of Hurler syndrome, a type of mucopolysaccharidosis.
Gracie, the mother of a 3-month-old infant calls the clinic and states that her child has a diaper rash. What should the nurse advise?
- A. “Switch to cloth diapers until the rash is goneâ€
- B. “Use baby wipes with each diaper change.â€
- C. “Leave the diaper off while the infant sleeps.â€
- D. “Offer extra fluids to the infant until the rash improves.â€
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Leaving the diaper off allows the skin to air dry and heal, reducing irritation and promoting recovery.
An older adult woman with a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted with progressive shortness of breath and a persistent cough. She is anxious and is complaining of a dry mouth. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Administer a prescribed sedative
- B. Encourage client to drink water
- C. Apply a high-flow venturi mask
- D. Assist her to an upright position
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An upright position improves lung expansion and oxygenation, which is crucial for a client with COPD.
Mitral valve prolapse
- A. Occurs in congenital myxomatous valves
- B. Need a Sx
- C. Rare cause of MR
- D. Need prophylactic antibiotics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mitral valve prolapse often occurs in congenital myxomatous valves.