Nokea
Diuresis has not occurred on a child with nephrotic syndrome after a month on corticosteroids. What protocol can the nurse encourage to bring about diuresis?
- A. Ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory agent
- B. Furosemide (Lasix), a diuretic
- C. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), an antibiotic
- D. Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), an antisuppressant
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A potent antisuppressant such as Cytoxan can bring about diuresis when corticosteroids have proven ineffective.
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During a physical assessment of a hospitalized 5-year-old child, the nurse notes that the foreskin has been retracted and is very tight on the shaft of the penis; the nurse is unable to return it over the head of the penis. What action should the nurse implement?
- A. Forcibly push the foreskin down over the head of the penis.
- B. Place a warm compress on the penis.
- C. Notify the charge nurse.
- D. Wait a few hours and try again.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Notify the charge nurse of this occurrence of paraphimosis. The tight foreskin can impede blood flow to the penis; this should be remedied immediately.
Parents are speaking with the urologist about their son's undescended testicle. Which statement by the child's father causes the nurse to determine he understands the information presented?
- A. An undescended testicle can reduce fertility.'
- B. The testicle usually descends spontaneously during the first month of life.'
- C. Surgical correction reduces the risk for testicular tumors.'
- D. The optimal time to surgically correct the condition is at diagnosis.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Although orchiopexy improves the condition, the fertility rate among patients may be reduced even when only one testis is undescended.
The parents of a newborn are concerned that their son's scrotum is enlarged and swollen on one side. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. It is very common in the newborn that one gonad is larger than the other.'
- B. Birth trauma caused bruising to the scrotum. It will reduce in size in a few days.'
- C. It is a collection of fluid that will most likely correct itself in a year.'
- D. The doctor will drain this collection of blood before your baby is discharged.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: These signs are indicative of a hydrocele, a collection of fluid in the scrotum that usually corrects itself in a year.
The nurse is explaining to a 17-year-old female the actions to prevent urinary tract infection. Which is the best beverage for the nurse to recommend to keep urine acidic?
- A. Milk
- B. Grape juice
- C. Apple juice
- D. Orange juice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Juices such as apple or cranberry help maintain acidity of urine.
When asked about correcting the hypospadias of a newborn, what does the nurse explain about this condition?
- A. No intervention is necessary as the defect will correct itself over time.
- B. Surgical repair of the hypospadias is done before 18 months of age.
- C. Corrective surgery is usually delayed until the preschool age.
- D. Repairing the defect will increase the risk of testicular cancer.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Treatment of hypospadias consists of surgical repair and is usually performed before 18 months of age.