Nokea
Donald has been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia. Based on his lipid profile, atorvastatin is prescribed. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare but serious adverse response to this drug. Donald should be told to:
- A. Become a vegetarian because this disorder is associated with eating red meat.
- B. Stop taking the drug if abdominal cramps and diarrhea develop.
- C. Report muscle weakness or tenderness and dark urine to his provider immediately.
- D. Expect 'hot flash' sensations during the first 2 weeks of therapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Muscle symptoms and dark urine indicate rhabdomyolysis, requiring immediate reporting.
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Competitive antagonists.
- A. Dissociate from receptors faster than their respective agonists
- B. Alter the shape of the log dose response curve of an agonist
- C. According to the rate theory have low dissociation rate constants
- D. Initiate the opposite cellular response to receptor occupancy to that obtained by the agonist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Competitive antagonists have low dissociation rates per rate theory, allowing them to block agonists effectively.
Which of the following beta-blockers has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)?
- A. Bisoprolol
- B. Timolol
- C. Pindolol
- D. Propanolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pindolol has ISA, partially stimulating beta receptors while blocking them, reducing bradycardia risk.
A patient needs to receive 500 mL of IV fluid over 4 hours. The drop factor of the IV tubing is 15 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 31 gtt/min
- B. 42 gtt/min
- C. 62 gtt/min
- D. 75 gtt/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flow rate = (500 mL 15 gtt/mL) ÷ (4 60) = 7,500 ÷ 240 = 31.25 gtt/min, rounded to 31 gtt/min.
Drugs mostly cross biological membranes by
- A. Passive diffusion
- B. Active diffusion
- C. Active transport
- D. Carrier mediated transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most drugs cross membranes via passive diffusion based on concentration gradients.
Elimination after 4 half lives in first order kinetics is
- A. 84%
- B. 93%
- C. 80.50%
- D. 4.75%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After 4 half-lives, 93.75% (1 - 1/16) of the drug is eliminated in first-order kinetics.