Nokea
Drugs mostly cross biological membranes by
- A. Passive diffusion
- B. Active diffusion
- C. Active transport
- D. Carrier mediated transport
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most drugs cross membranes via passive diffusion based on concentration gradients.
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One barrier to use of the Internet for both prescribing and for patient teaching is:
- A. Lack of free public access to the Internet
- B. Age, with older adults rarely understanding how to use a computer
- C. Web pages and hyperlinks may change, be deleted, or be replaced
- D. Few Web sites with information about drugs are free
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Changing or deleted web content is a barrier to reliable online information use.
Competitive antagonists.
- A. Dissociate from receptors faster than their respective agonists
- B. Alter the shape of the log dose response curve of an agonist
- C. According to the rate theory have low dissociation rate constants
- D. Initiate the opposite cellular response to receptor occupancy to that obtained by the agonist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Competitive antagonists have low dissociation rates per rate theory, allowing them to block agonists effectively.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving a drug by the intramuscular route but will receive the drug orally after discharge. How does the nurse explain the increased dosage prescribed for the oral dose?
- A. Passive diffusion
- B. Active transport
- C. Glomerular filtration
- D. First-pass effect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first-pass effect involves drugs that are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system, which delivers the drug molecules to the liver. After reaching the liver, enzymes break the drug into metabolites, which may become active or may be deactivated and readily excreted from the body. A large percentage of the oral dose is usually destroyed and never reaches tissues. Oral dosages account for the phenomenon to ensure an appropriate amount of the drug in the body to produce a therapeutic action. Passive diffusion is the major process through which drugs are absorbed into the body. Active transport is a process that uses energy to actively move a molecule across a cell membrane and is often involved in drug excretion in the kidney. Glomerular filtration is the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule.
Following drugs have disulfiram-like reaction when taken with alcohol EXCEPT
- A. Sulfonylureas
- B. Amoxicillin
- C. Metronidazole
- D. Cefoperazone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metronidazole, cefoperazone, and some sulfonylureas cause a disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, nausea) with alcohol by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase; amoxicillin does not.
What aspect of pharmacology does a nurse study? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Adverse and anticipated drug effects
- B. Molecular pharmacology
- C. Impact of drugs on the body
- D. The body's response to a drug
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses study pharmacology from a pharmacotherapeutic level, which includes the effect of drugs on the body, the body's response to drugs, and both expected and unexpected drug effects. Chemical and molecular pharmacology (Options A and B) are not included in nursing pharmacology courses.